INTRODUCTION. 147 



teachers in Germany Von Richthofen, Von Koenen, Dames, 

 Kayser, Eck, Credner, and others were pupils of Beyrich. 



Beyrich was also one of the most active promoters of 

 the Geological Society of Germany. Since the Society was 

 founded in 1848, it has combined and centralised almost all 

 the geological activity throughout Germany. The seat of the 

 Society is in Berlin, but the annual congresses meet each year 

 in a different German town. 



Bonn rivalled Berlin for a long time as a leading centre of 

 geological interests. A brilliant phalanx of geologists Roemer, 

 Goldfuss, Bischof, Vom Rath, and others made Bonn a much 

 favoured university in the middle of the nineteenth century. 

 Ferdinand Roemer's Description of the Schist-Mountains of the 

 Rhine and Goldfuss's Petrefacta Germanicz are monumental 

 scientific works ; G. BischoFs famous Text-book of Chemical 

 and Physical Geology opened a new and fascinating domain 

 of scientific research to young minds ; and Bonn was the 

 centre from which a reformation in petrographical methods 

 spread over Germany. 



The pioneer labours of Sorby in his microscopic examination 

 of rock structures were first appreciated in all their significance 

 by Ferdinand Zirkel, who at that time taught in Bonn. 

 Zirkel followed along Sorby's lines with such admirable skill 

 that his researches became known in every land and gave a 

 powerful impulse to the study of petrology. In Germany, work 

 in this direction has been worthily continued, and Rosenbusch 

 and his school have applied microscopic methods more par- 

 ticularly to the study of crystallography. 



Leipzig University was fortunate in having for thirty years 

 (1842-73) C. Fr. Naumann as Professor of Mineralogy and 

 Geology. Naumann's most important work is his Text-book of 

 Geognosy, which is acknowledged to be the most complete and 

 thorough compendium of this science, and for many decades 

 has served as a standard book for German students. The re- 

 markable success of Naumann as a teacher attracted a large 

 number of mineralogical students to Leipzig, and the tradition 

 has been well sustained by Naumann's successors, Hermann 

 Credner and Ferdinand Zirkel. 



Heidelberg University, where Rosenbusch now teaches, has 

 always enjoyed a high reputation for mineralogy and geology. 

 Carl von Leonhard, the editor of the Mineralogical Tasche?i- 

 buch t and the founder of the Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie^ 



