PALEONTOLOGY. 381 



systematic account of each larger group of forms is followed 

 by a brief sketch of the geological distribution and the 

 phylogeny of the foregoing forms. Importance is given to the 

 data which afford evidence of the genetic connection of the 

 members of individual branches, classes, orders, and families ; 

 but the representation is kept free from bias towards one 

 direction of thought or another. Where palaeontology can 

 bring forward no evidences in favour of the doctrine of 

 evolution, or where considerable gaps occur in the palaeonto- 

 logical sequence and seem to speak rather for the opposite 

 views, the authors have consistently endeavoured to set forth 

 the actual facts with full impartiality. 



Zittel's Handbook has served as a model for nearly all the 

 more recently published smaller text-books, such as those of 

 Hoernes (1884), Steinmann-Doderlein (1890), Bernard (1895), 

 Zittel (1895), and Smith-Woodward (1898). 



Two works of very great interest have been added to 

 geological and palseontological science by Neumayr. 1 The 

 one is his Erdgeschichte, and is full of original and suggestive 

 conceptions ; the other is his Stdmmen des Thierreichs, which 

 unfortunately remained unfinished. The published portion, 

 which comprises the groups of the Protozoa, Ccelenterata, 

 Echinodermata, and Molluscoida, introduces many new points 

 of. view, and will have a permanent value both for palaeontology 

 and zoology. 



Probably the most influential disciple and exponent of the 

 theory of descent was the great English zoologist, Thomas 

 Huxley. Cope in America, Gaudry in France, and Haeckel 

 in Germany are zoologists who have likewise been in the fore- 

 front of the new teaching. 



Huxley's palaeontological works, like those of Gaudry and 

 Cope, are mostly devoted to the vertebrate animals, and are 

 distinguished by his remarkable acuteness of observation and 

 his genius for inductive combination. His determination of 



1 Melchior Neumayr. born in Munich on the 24th October 1845, the 

 son of a high state official, studied in Munich and Heidelberg; after he 

 graduated, he entered in 1 868 the Imperial Geological Survey Department 

 at Vienna, and contributed several special papers on the geology of various 

 areas of Hungary, Transylvania, and North Tyrol; in 1872 became a 

 University tutor in Heidelberg, but in 1873 was called to Vienna to be 

 Professor of Palaeontology, a chair which had been founded especially for 

 him. In the midst of his labours, he died on the 29th January 1890, of 

 heart disease. 



