PALEONTOLOGY. 417 



and HylDeosaurus in the fluviatile Weald clays of Sussex, and 

 Owen, in 1841, proposed to comprise the genera then known 

 as a distinct order under the name of Dinosauri. Further 

 discoveries continued to increase the number of known genera, 

 and in 1866 Cope divided the Dinosauri into three sub- 

 orders (Orthopoda, Goniopoda, and Symphypoda). In a series 

 of very important memoirs devoted to the osteology, classifica- 

 tion, and genealogy of the Dinosaurs (1868 and 1869), Huxley 

 pointed out the essential affinities of the Dinosaurs with birds, 

 and even designated the genus Compsognathus as a uniting 

 link between this extinct group of reptiles and the younger and 

 more specialised group of birds. 



Ten years later, Marsh began to publish the results of his 

 examination of Dinosaur specimens which had been discovered 

 in extraordinary number, and often in a perfect state of 

 preservation, in the western states of North America. Marsh 

 conducted his researches for twenty years, and inaugurated a 

 sweeping reform of the classificatory system of Dinosaurs. 

 Alongside this memorable discovery of Dinosaurs in North 

 America, Europe can place the discovery of twenty-three 

 'wonderfully preserved skeletons of Iguanodon near Bernissart. 

 These were carefully disinterred under the guidance of 

 Dupont, and afterwards excellently described by Dollo. 

 Besides the authors already named, Hulke, Seeley, Lydekker, 

 and Baur have made valuable contributions to the know- 

 ledge of this interesting extinct order of Saurians. 



Under the name of Theromorpha, Cope, in 1880, erected a 

 new order of Reptiles, in which he placed rather an ill-assorted 

 assemblage of fossil forms. The Placodonts from the Mus- 

 chelkalk were the first known representatives of this order, 

 but notwithstanding the memoirs of Munster, Braun, Meyer, 

 and Owen, the affinities of the Placodonts are still very obscure. 

 As yet the skull, jaws, and teeth are the only parts of the 

 skeleton that have been found. 



In the year 1859 Owen erected the order of Anomodontia, 

 for certain remarkable fossil Reptilian remains which had been 

 discovered in South Africa by G. Bain as far back as the year 

 1838. Afterwards Owen (1876) separated the Theriodontia 

 from the Anomodontia, and erected it as an independent 

 order characterised by numerous well-differentiated teeth. 

 Owen then devoted a special monograph to all the Reptilian 

 remains from the Karroo formation in South Africa, and his 



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