PALEONTOLOGY. 419 



able part of the fossil mammals that occur in Europe are 

 exhaustively described in Cuvier's classical work, and until 

 Darwin began to interest himself in the palaeontology of 

 the fossil Mammalia, the study continued to be followed 

 entirely along the lines indicated by Cuvier. The Osteology of 

 Recent and Fossil Mammalia, a large work in four volumes by 

 Ducrotay de Blainville, 1 was prepared strictly after the model 

 of Cuvier's writings, although the copy comes very far short of 

 the original. Still Blainville had at his disposal unusually rich 

 fossil material, and his illustrations were prepared by draughts- 

 men of exceptional skill and technique. In artistic treatment 

 and scientific accuracy, the plates which accompany Blainville's 

 Osteology are perhaps only surpassed by the magnificent draw- 

 ings of the skeletal parts of recent mammals by Pander and 

 D' Alton (1823-41). Giebel's Fauna der Vorwelt contains in 

 the first volume a concise and faithful account of all the fossil 

 Mammalia known up to the year 1847. A newer summary of 

 the subject is comprised in R. Lydekker's Catalogue of the 

 fossil Mammalia in the British Museum (1885-87), and a still 

 later account in the Introduction to the Study of the Living and 

 Fossil Mammals (i 891) by Flower and Lydekker. An enumera- 

 tion of all known fossil Mammals was drawn up by O. Roger 

 (1887 and 1896). 



In contrast to Cuvier's anatomical and descriptive mode 

 of treatment, Gaudry, in the first volume of his work, 

 Enchainemenls du Monde Animal (1878), aimed rather at 

 elucidating the genealogical relations of fossil Mammalia 

 in an attractive manner, and at demonstrating the gradual 

 transformation of certain types in the course of the geo- 

 logical periods. Many writers on fossil Mammalia, among 

 others Huxley, Riitimeyer, Cope, and Marsh, have brought 

 forward weighty evidence in favour of Darwin's theory of the 

 descent of man. 



In Germany, Goldfuss and G. Jaeger (1835) published 

 Contributions to the Knowledge of the Fossil Mammals found 

 in the Diluvial deposits and in the Tertiary series of Swabia. 

 The monographs of J. J. Kaup (1832-61) described the 



1 Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville, born 1778 in Argus near Dieppe, 

 studied Medicine in Paris, was Professor of Comparative Anatomy and 

 Zoology at the Normal School, and in 1832 succeeded Cuvier as Professor 

 of Comparative Anatomy at the Botanical Garden; he died suddenly in 

 1850 in a railway compartment, while travelling between Paris and Rouen. 



