STRATIGRAPHICAL GEOLOGY. 473 



T f r (7. Kossen strata. 



\ 6. Dachstein limestone and dolomite. 



f 5. Raibl strata of Gorno and Dossena. 

 Upper Trias. - 4. Esino limestone. 

 [ 3. St. Cassian strata. 



TV/T-JJI T- f fWengeh strata and Rauchwacke. 

 M>ddle Tnas. { ,. { Musc \ elkalk . 



r rr, f fServino and Werfen shales. 



Lower Trias. | i. (yerrucano conglomerate. 



Stoppani, the Italian geologist, in a similar work published 

 in 1857, discussed the Lombardy Alps. He regarded the 

 Verrucano conglomerate as a Palaeozoic horizon, and otherwise 

 his sub-divisions were comparable with Escher's. The dark 

 bituminous shales of Perledo, near the Lake of Como, with Fish 

 and Saurian remains, were correctly assigned by Stoppani to 

 the Muschelkalk; while the dolomitic limestones with Encrinus, 

 Terebratula angusta, Spirifer fragilis, etc., at Monte Salvatore 

 near Lugano, Menaggio, and other localities, were recognised 

 as lower horizons of Muschelkalk. Stoppani also published a 

 valuable monograph of the fauna of the Esino limestone 

 (1858-60), and upon palaeontological grounds identified the age 

 of the Esino limestone with that of the Hallstatt and St. 

 Cassian groups. Unfortunately, however, Stoppani in a later 

 publication withdrew this comparison, united the Esino lime- 

 stone with the dolomite containing Avicula exilis (Dachstein 

 dolomite), and placed the whole complex above the Raibl 

 strata in the horizon of the main dolomite of the northern 

 Alps. 



In the year 1854, Suess published a monograph of the 

 Brachiopods of the Kossen strata. Under the name of Kossen 

 strata, Suess understood the "Gervillia strata" of Emmrich 

 and Schafhautl, as well as the " Upper Cassian strata " of 

 Escher. He gave a general exposition of the stratigraphical 

 relations of the Kossen strata to the Dachstein and Lithoden- 

 dron limestones and the bituminous fish shales of Seefeld. 

 Suess argued that as the whole complex reposes on the Hall- 

 statt strata, and is succeeded by strata containing Upper Lias 

 fossils, it ought to be included with the Gresten strata as 

 Lower Lias. Merian immediately objected to this view. He 



