474 HISTORY OF GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY. 



contested with justice that the Kossen strata were marine 

 equivalents of the Upper Keuper, and a quite distinct forma- 

 tion from the Gresten strata and the limestone with Liassic 

 Ammonites at Enzesfeld and Hornstein. In the same paper, 

 Merian reported some additional Austrian localities where true 

 St. Cassian fossils occurred at Telfs, in the Lavatsch Valley, 

 and at Haller Salzberg. 



In the autumn of 1854, Gu'mbel commenced his investi- 

 gations in the south-west Bavarian Alps and the adjacent 

 parts of Vorarlberg and North Tyrol, and his first memoirs 

 appeared in the Jahrbuch in 1856. They afforded valuable 

 information on the tectonic relations and palaeontological 

 sub-division of the Cretaceous deposits in those Alpine 

 areas. Giimbel showed that four quite different horizons of 

 Triassic, Liassic, and Tertiary shales had been thrown together 

 under the name "Flysch," applied by Schafhautl and other 

 authors. 



In the summer of 1857, the memorable geological tour of 

 the North Tyrol and Vorarlberg Alps took place, in which 

 Hauer, Richthofen, Fotterle, Giimbel, Pichler participated, 

 and were for a few days joined by Escher von der Li nth 

 and Cotta. The geological survey of Vorarlberg was then 

 assigned to Richthofen, who had also to draw up the com- 

 bined report. Giimbel was to provide the supplementary data 

 from the Bavarian Alps. 



Richthofen demonstrated in the first instance that the 

 thickness of the Triassic deposits diminishes very perceptibly 

 when followed from east to west, and is very much reduced in 

 the Vorarlberg. He then presented in tabular form the paral- 

 lelism of the Triassic sub-divisions at different parts of the 

 Alps : 



VORARLBERG. EASTERN TYROL. SALZBURG. 



'9. Upper Dach- Upper Dach- Upper Dach- 

 stein lime- stein lime- stein lime- 

 stone, stone. stone. 

 i 8. Kossen strata. Kossen strata. Kossen strata. 

 as ' 7. Lower Dach- Lower Dach- Lower Dach- 

 stein lime- stein dolo- stein dolo- 

 stone. mite and mite and 

 limestone. limestone. 



