STRATIGRAPHICAL GEOLOGY. 



475 



Lower 

 Trias. 



Guttenstein Guttenstein 

 limestone. limestone. 



Werfen strata. Werfen strata. 



Verrucano Con- 

 glomerate (prob- 

 * ably Palaeozoic). 



It will be seen that Richthofen sub-divided the true 

 Trias, exclusive of the Dachstein limestone and Kossen beds, 

 into two groups, upper and lower, which are applicable both 

 in the northern and southern Alps. The Werfen strata 

 pass upward into the black, poorly-fossiliferous limestones for 

 which Hauer had introduced the name of Guttenstein strata. 

 In 1852, it had been shown by Kudernatsch that the upper 

 layers of these strata contain numerous hornstone concretions, 

 are thinly-bedded, and nodular. 



Several Brachiopod species (Terebratula trigonella^ Spirifer 

 fragilis, Mentzeli, etc.) were found in these upper horizons by 

 Pichler in the neighbourhood of Innsbruck, and by Escher 

 near Reutte. Richthofen found Ammonites and Bivalves 

 resembling Monotis in these layers at the Virgloria Pass, and 

 the characteristic Brachiopods in the Lichtenstein area. As 

 the Guttenstein limestones frequently alternate with Werfen 

 strata in the eastern Alps, Richthofen separated the Gutten- 

 stein strata from the upper more characteristic hornstone 

 layers, and called the latter Virgloria Limestone. 



Gumbel had found in the Partnach ravine, near Parten- 

 kirchen, marly shales with Halobia Lommeli (afterwards called 

 //. Parthanensis] and Bactryllium Schmidti. Above these marls 

 and shales in the Vorarlberg, Richthofen had found a dark- 



