STRATIGRAPHICAL GEOLOGY, 493 



In addition to the writings of T. N. Dale (1876), 

 G. Curioni (1877), and Lepsius (1878), on portions of the 

 Lombardy Alps and Etsch Valley, Benecke has done much 

 valuable work in the vicinity of Lake Garda, the Adamello 

 Massive and Judicarian Alps, and Bittner has contributed 

 excellent stratigraphical accounts of the complicated Judicarian 

 district (1879-83), and the neighbourhood of Recoaro (1883). 

 Amongst the most important palseontological contributions 

 are ranked the monographs by Kittl, J. Bohm, and Koken on 

 the Triassic Gastropods of South Tyrol, by Bittner on the 

 Brachiopods and Lamellibranchs, and the monograph by 

 Salomon on the stratigraphical relations and the fauna of the 

 Marmolata Mountain {PalcBontographica, 1895). 



In the Northern Alps there has continued the greatest in- 

 security about the true position of the Hallstatt limestone and 

 the parallelism of Partnach strata and the various horizons of 

 Cardita strata. A geological investigation of the Karwendel 

 mountains was commissioned by the German and Austrian 

 Alpine Club, and was excellently carried out under the 

 direction of Rothpletz by several members of the Munich 

 School of Geology. The results, published in 1888, showed 

 that typical "Cardita" strata lie below the Main Dolo- 

 mite of North Tyrol, and their fauna undoubtedly differs 

 from the Partnach strata which underlie the Wetterstein 

 limestone and contain Koninckina Leonhardi, typical St 

 Cassian fossils. 



Almost simultaneously with the publication of these results, 

 Wohrmann showed that the plant-bearing sandstones near 

 Partenkirchen, which had been relegated by Giimbel to 

 Partnach strata, were layers interbedded with the upper 

 Cardita or Raibl deposits. Skuphos traced the development 

 of the Partnach strata through a considerable region, and 

 showed that they continually form the basis of the Wetterstein 

 limestone, and exhibit sometimes a marly, sometimes a cal- 

 careous lithological character. As Fraas had said in 1893, 

 in his admirable description of the geology of Wendelstein 

 Mountain, the fossils of the Partnach strata have the closest 

 resemblance to the fauna of St. Cassian or to that of the 

 Reiflinger strata in North Tyrol, and are best regarded as 

 Upper Muschelkalk. 



Skuphos contended that the Lower Cardita strata of Pichler 

 were palaeontologically identical with Raibl strata ; and 



