494 HISTORY OF GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY. 



Wohrmann had previously shown that in all the places where 

 former writers believed Lower Cardita beds to be present, they 

 were Upper Cardita beds which had been faulted to a position 

 below the Wetterstein limestone as a result of crust-move- 

 ments. 



Wohrmann devoted himself for several years to a thorough 

 and comprehensive systematic research of all the " Cardita " 

 and " Raibl " deposits in the Northern Alps and worked out 

 their stratigraphical relations, both by means of geological 

 sections and of comparative palseontological studies. He 

 concluded by sub-dividing " Raibl " deposits in three dis- 

 tinct palaeontological groups, the lower and middle containing 

 many species identical with the Wengen-Cassian forms, while 

 the upper agrees with the Torer or upper horizons of the 

 fossiliferous series near Raibl. Wohrmann included the 

 rauchwacke and gypsum beds in Vorarlberg, the Opponitz 

 limestone in Austria, the Torer strata and Megalodon dolomite 

 in the Southern Alps with the Upper Raibl horizons ; the 

 Lunz and Reingraben strata, red Schlern plateau strata, and 

 the shaly limestone containing Myophoria Kefersteini with 

 the Middle Raibl ; the shales with Trachyceras Aon and 

 Halobia rugosa with the Loiver Raibl division. 



Wohrmann has thus combined the whole palgeontological 

 sequence of Wengen-Cassian and Raibl deposits under the 

 one name of " Raibl deposits," and used the name in the 

 wide sense in which it was originally applied at Raibl by 

 Fotterle, Suess, and Stur (anfe, p. 472). But as the St. Cassian 

 fossils were discovered and described before those of the 

 Raibl strata, the adoption of the latter name generally for 

 the group in the Alps seems scarcely legitimate. The Alpine 

 Raibl deposits are regarded by Wohrmann as the equivalent 

 of the extra-Alpine Lettenkohle group, while he holds the 

 Wetterstein limestone and its equivalents to be the equivalents 

 of the uppermost horizons of German Muschelkalk. 



With the exception of Stur, the older Alpine geologists 

 had placed the Hallstatt limestone of Salzkammergut as an 

 equivalent of the Wetterstein limestone in Bavaria and North 

 Tyrol in the lowest division of the Upper Trias. The second 

 edition of Hauer's Geology of Austria-Hungary still gave this 

 interpretation of the Hallstatt limestone, and separated the 

 Kossen beds, Dachstein limestone, and Main Dolomite from 

 the Triassic system, regarding them as an independent 



