498 HISTORY OF GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY. 



tion in the Oolitic series; and sub-divided the Oolitic formation 

 above the Lias into three groups the Lower Oolites, be- 

 ginning with the marly sandstone and concluding with the 

 Cornbrash ; the Middle Oolites, embracing the rocks from 

 the Kellaways sandstone to the Coralrag; the Upper Oolites, 

 embracing the rocks from the Kimmeridge Clay to the Purbeck 

 marls and limestones. 



A local monograph on the geology of the Yorkshire coast, 

 published in 1822 by Young and Bird, contributed many 

 valuable observations and good illustrations of the charac- 

 teristic fossils in this area. But a much more important work 

 on the geology of Yorkshire was published by John Phillips in 

 1829. This excellent observer, who had been trained by his 

 uncle, W. Smith, demonstrated the presence in Yorkshire of 

 many of the strata known in the south-west of England. By 

 means of geological sections, he established their exact succes- 

 sion, enumerated the fossils characteristic of each group, and 

 gave drawings of the leading types. Various memoirs by De la 

 Beche, Buckland, and Sedgwick appeared between 1822 and 

 1835, and supplied accurate information regarding the Oolitic 

 and Liassic deposits on the south coast of England. Lonsdale 

 in 1829 investigated the vicinity of Bath. In 1836, an ad- 

 mirable monograph was published by Fitton on the Upper 

 Oolites and the layers immediately succeeding them in the 

 Isle of Wight and the south coast of England. Fitton 

 separated the Purbeck beds from the Upper Oolites and com- 

 bined them with the Weald Clay and Hastings sandstone as 

 an independent Wealden Formation between the Oolitic and 

 the Cretaceous deposits. 



De la Beche had pointed out in 1822 that the Oolitic and 

 Liassic formations of the south coast of England reappeared 

 again in Normandy, and Roger and Fitton subsequently 

 demonstrated that the whole succession was present in the 

 neighbourhood of Boulogne-sur-Mer, with a lithological de- 

 velopment almost identical with the English. In 1825 and 

 1829 De Caumont wrote valuable memoirs on the Normandy 

 Oolites. He described and showed in geological sections the 

 Normandy succession of the Kimmeridge group, the Coralrag, 

 Lower Calcareous Grit, Oxford Clay, Cornbrash, Forest 

 Marble, Great Oolite, Fullers' Earth (Argile de Port en 

 Bessin), Lower Oolite, and Lias. He also drew attention to 

 the occurrence of a complex of strata then unknown (cal- 



