INDEX 



571 



Tarsipes, 292 



tarsus: nomenclature of, 177-180; 

 primitive condition of, 179; su- 

 pernumerary elements, 181, 182 



taste, 475, 476 



taste-beakers, 475 



taste buds, 469, 471, 475 



Taxeopoda, 38 



teleosts, 30, 174, 287, 303, 305, 415, 

 416, 419, 430, 486, 489 



teeth, 267, 271, 283. (V. also 

 tooth) : evolution of shapes, 

 278-280; growth of, 273, 274; 

 kinds of, 275; of birds, 84; of 

 selachians, 81 ; origin of, 81, 153, 

 154, 271, 272; parts of, 273; re- 

 duction of, 277; replacement of, 

 280-283 



tela chorioidea, 419 



telencephalon, 411, 415-418, 443 



temperature of animals, 356 



tentorium, 417 



testes, 49, 367, 379, 383, 394, 39$ 



testes, position of, 393, 395 



thalami optici, 425 



thecadont articulation, 273 



thecse of jaws, 273 



thenar pads, 91 



theories of vertebrate ancestry : 

 from annelids, 513-520; from 

 arachnoids, 522-525 ; from arche- 

 type, 506-512; from articulates, 

 512, 513; from insect, 506, 512; 

 from nemertean, 520-522; from 

 protochordata, 525-538 



theromorphs, 32, 44 



third ventricle of brain, 411 



thoracic duct, 357, 360 



thoracic vertebrae, 130 



thymus gland, 286, 290, 363 



thymus, origin of, 286-287 



thyreoid cartilage, 160, 314 



thyreoid gland, 286, 289, 290, 363 



thyreo-hyal, 284, 314 



Tillodontia, 37 



toad, 285, 290, 397, 420, 442 



tongue, 283-285 



tongue bars, of Amphioxus, 290 



tonsils, 363 



tooth. (V. also teeth) 



tooth generations, 281 



tooth, primitive form of, 274 



tooth, structure of, 80 



Tornaria, 536, 537 



tortoise-shell, 105 



trabeculae, 144 



trachea, 312 



trachea, origin of, 270 



tracheal pieces, 160, 313 



tracheal rings, 313, 314 



triconodont dentition, 279 



trigonodont dentition, 279 



trilobites, 19 



triradii, 91 



Triton, 19, 67, 313, 483 



tritubercular theory, 278, 279 



truncus arteriosus, 324 



trunk vertebrae, 130 



tuba auditiva, 269 



tuberculum auriculi, 497 



tubular glands, 97, 112 



tunica dartos, 396 



Tunicata, 26, 260, 303, 529, 530, 531, 



532, 533, 535, 537, 538 

 tunica vaginalis communis, 396 

 tunica vaginalis propria, 396 

 turtles, 33, 179, 201, 253, 331, 360, 



398, 399, 419, 431, 433, 483 

 Tylopoda, 39 

 tympanic bone, 496 

 tympanic bulla, 496 

 tympanic cavity, ossicles of, 159 

 tympanic membranes, 494 

 tympano-hyal, 161, 284 

 tympanum, 493-496 

 typical vertebra (Owen's), 507, 508, 



Tyson's glands, 113 

 U 



ultimo-branchial bodies, 289 



umbilical arteries, 70, 71 



umbilical cord, 377 



umbilical veins, 70, 71 



umbilicus, 347 



umbilicus, relation to bladder, 378 



uncinate processes, 136 



ungulates, 394, 417, 480, 496 



unstriated muscle, 189 



ureter, 376, 383 



urethra, 377, 393, 394, 401 



urethral glands, 401 



urinary bladder, 377, 378 



urinary organs, 369-378 



urinary papilla, 374 



