XXXII 



Family vi. Apaturidae. Larva like a slug, with a pair of horns on 



its head. 

 Family vn. Nymphalidae. Larva covered more or less with 



spines. 

 Tribe in. INVOLUTE, Pupa enclosed in a more or less transparent 



cocoon. Imago with six feet in both sexes. 

 Family vin. Hesperidae. Larva elongate, with a large head. 



In the Satyridae, Danaidae, Apaturidae, and Nymphalidae, the per- 

 fect insects or imagines have the first pair of legs in a very rudimen- 

 tary state, and quite unfitted for walking, so that in ordinary language 

 they have only four legs. In the Erycinidae, the males have only 

 four useful legs, though the females have six. The other three families 

 have always six serviceable legs in both sexes. 



These families are also readily distinguishable in the earlier states; 

 for the larva, or caterpillar, as they are more commonly called, of 

 the Papilionidae are elongate and of the ordinary form ; the larvae of 

 the Lycaenidae and of the Erycinidae are broad and short, and are 

 termed onisciform, that is shaped like a woodlouse ; the larvae of the 

 Satyridae are elongate and have two short projecting tails, and are 

 termed pisciform, that is shaped like a fish ; the larvae of the Apaturidae 

 have two projecting horns on the head and are termed Limaciform, 

 that is shaped like a slug; the larvae of the Nymphalidae are armed 

 with spines or bristly ha : rs ; and those of the Hesperidae have large 

 heads. 



The pupa or chrysalides of the Papilionidae, Lycaenidae and Ery- 

 cinidae, are termed girted, that is, the caterpillars when changing to 

 the chrysalis state, attach themselves to a wall, bit of stick, or grass 

 stem, as the case may be, by their tails and with a girdle of silk 

 round the middle of the body, with the head pointed upwards ; whilst 

 those of the Satyridae, Danaidae, Apaturidae, and Nymphalinae, are 

 simply attached by the tail with the head pointed towards the ground. 

 On the other hand the caterpillars of the Hesperidae when entering the 

 pupa or chrysalis state, spin a more or less transparent cocoon, thus 

 resembling the habits of some moths more than any of the other 

 butterflies, if we except Hipparchia semele, and Doritis apollo. 



The caterpillars of butterflies feed exclusively on the leaves and 

 flowers of plants, and plants of the same natural family are especially 

 liable to to the attacks of allied species of caterpillars, the affinities of 

 one confirming those of the other. Thus those of the genus Pieris, 



