wings of Edusa, and again with one side Helice and the other side Edusa. 

 Some specimens are beautifully shot with blue or purple. 



Yar. b. of the female (Helice, Hubner) differs from the type in being of a 

 greenish-white, in place of orange-yellow or saffron. 



Yar. c. very small, with the hind -wings subfalcate, but coloured as in the 

 type. 



Yar. d. (erroneously supposed to be Chrysothome by Mr. Stephens) 

 differs chiefly from the type in its smaller size, in the rotundity of the hind- 

 margin of the hind-wings, its paler colour, the dissimilar form of the marginal 

 fascia, the expanded duskiness of the base of the wings, and the black dis- 

 coidal spot on the under surface of the hind-wings being paler in the middle. 

 Yar. *. very much suffused with black. Suffusion is more or less common 

 to most species ; and the Canadian entomologist, Mr. W. H. Edwards, con- 

 siders the application of severe cold to the chrysalis as a cause. 



The usual time for Edusa to be seen on the wing is from August to the 

 chilly month of November, but occasionally there is an earlier brood in May 

 and June. The variety Helice is liable to be mistaken on the wing for 

 Melanargia galathea, especially in chalk districts, which the latter frequents. 

 The eggs are oval, but very sharply pointed at each end, and are laid on 

 the upper surfaces of leaves in an upright position, standing on end. They 

 are shining, and at first whitish-yellow, but they rapidly turn to a darker 

 yellow, and afterwards to pink. Buckler. 



The caterpillar, when young, is of a pinkish-brown, but afterwards changes 

 to a velvety green. It has a yellow spiracular line, a red spot on each seg- 

 ment below the spiracles, and a white mark on the upper part. In general 

 appearance it is very like that of Pieris rapa, but the red marks at the 

 spiracles are a safe guide for distinguishing them. It feeds on various kinds 

 of Trifolium or clover, medick, melilot, and other Leguminosse in June and 

 July, and also in September and October. 



The Chrysalis is moderately stout, but not so angular as those of the White 

 Butterflies. The colour of the back and body is a very pale yellowish-green, 

 with a pale yellow stripe on each side the wing-cases, which are long and well 

 developed, projecting below the abdomen. The head is sharply pointed, and 

 is of a dark olive-green above, and of a pale primrose yellow underneath. 



It is a generally distributed species over Western, Central, and Southern 

 Europe ; the Azores ; North Africa, and Syria. At the Cape of Good Hope, 

 it is replaced by a closely allied species, the Electra of Linnseus ; and in 

 Lapland and Greenland by Hecla. 



It may be found throughout the year on the Continent, even as early as 

 February at Malta, but it is raiely seen in England before August. It is a 



