104 



from North Devon. The variety Philoxenus appears to be confined to the 

 mosses of Lancashire and the neighbouring counties. Both Laidion and 

 Philoxenus occurs in Yorkshire; for in the Entomologist for 1840-2, is the 

 following paragraph, " I took Hipparchia davns at Thome Moor, but wasted ; 

 and I had H. typJion given me from Cottingham, near Hull. In visiting the 

 locality I find it differs from Thome, where the original Davus occurs ; 

 Thorne Moor is mossy or spongy, but the Cottingham locality is reedy, as 

 are all the spots where I found Typhon in Scotland : I consider them only 

 local varieties." J. C. Dale, August 13th, 1841. 



The Cumberland specimens appear to be somewhat intermediate between 

 the two ; and in one of my specimens the white bar is wanting on the under- 

 side of the fore- wings, therefore resembling the next species, Pamphilus. 



In the Linnsean cabinet were four or five specimens ticketed " Arcanius," 

 the last of which is set on the reverse side, and to it is a ticket with " Angl. 

 Hudson, rariss " on it. It certainly is not Arcanius but Typhon ; dark brown 

 with scarcely any ocelli. It was probably taken in Wales by the celebrated 

 botanist Hudson. 



The variety Philoxenus was first recorded as British in LewinY" Insects of 

 Great Britain, published in 1795, under the name of the Manchester Argus 

 Hero, Linnaeus, with the following paragraph : " This butterfly was scarcely 

 known in England till lately, when a gentleman found several in a moorish 

 or swampy situation near Manchester ; and from their local attachment to 

 the same place, he takes them on the wing every year in July. The fly I 

 have figured is from one in Mr. Francillon's magnificent collection of foreign 

 and British insects." Donovan, in his " Natural History of British Insects," 

 vol. vi., published in 1797, records it as " a local species : it is very abun- 

 dant in some marshy parts of Lancashire ; but we have not learnt that it has 

 been taken in any other part of the kingdom. Many of the curious in Lon- 

 don are particularly indebted to Mr. Phillips, of Manchester, for enriching 

 their cabinets with Papilio hero, for though it is a plain insect, it is esteemed 

 for its rarity, few entomologists having travelled into that part of the country 

 to collect insects." 



Both Hipparchia arcanius and hero are figured by Curtis, in his " British 

 Entomology," from specimens said to have been captured by Mr. Plasted, on 

 the borders of Ashdown Forest, Sussex ; but as he also stated that he took 

 Chrysojphanus chryseis in Ashdown Forest, and Acontia catena at Brixton, 

 Surrey, and also Acontia calorii in the neighbourhood of London, he cannot 

 be looked upon in the character of a trustworthy personage. 



Haworth, in his " Lepidoptera Britannica," records Davus from the museum 

 of Jones, and as inhabiting the marches of Lancashire, near Manchester ; and 



