yellow above. The width across the wings is from an inch and one line to an 

 inch and two lines. 



The egg is of a hemispherical shape, with flat base, and is of a white and 

 shining colour, resembling porcelain. 



The caterpillar when newly hatched has a largish and uniformly cylindrical 

 body, which is velvety white ; the head is black and shining, and there is a 

 shining black linear plate on the second segment. After feeding a couple of 

 days, the colour of the body changes from white to a very faint tint of bluish 

 green. When full-fed, the ground colour is a pale orange white, with a pale 

 reddish brown dorsal line, and a yellowish sub-dorsal line. 



The chrysalis is long, slender, and nearly cylindrical, with the head blunt 

 and the eyes rather prominent and a sharp spike between them. The anal 

 end is rounded, with a flat spike set at the tip, with a dozen or more curled 

 spines of different lengths. The colour on the back is a creamy white, with 

 a very dark brown central line, a sub-dorsal of pale buff bordered with red- 

 dish brown ; the wing-cases are of a pale flesh colour faintly tinged with dark 

 brown. (Rev. J. Hellins, in " Buckler's Larvse.") 



The butterfly is on the wing in May and June. The caterpillars are 

 hatched in June, and feed on the wood brome grass (Brachypodium sylvaticum .) 

 They draw the tips of the leaves together, so as to form little cylindrical 

 retreats, which they make secure by spinnings of silk. When they out-grow 

 the tubes they make fresh ones. Mr. Buckler writes, "On the 10th of 

 October, one had spun itself up by drawing a leaf round itself as it lay on the 

 underside. The leaf not being broard enough, the two edges did not quite 

 meet, and the interstice had been well covered with whitish silk, forming 

 a complete cylindrical silk-lined hybernaculum ; other caterpillars seemed 

 ready to follow this example. They leave their hybernaculum in March, feed 

 up quickly and then turn into chrysalides." 



Cyclopides paniscus is common over a good part of Central Europe, and in 

 Russia extending to Finland and Siberia. In the North-west of Europe, it 

 is a very local species, and is met with in open places in woods. It does not 

 occur at all in either Scotland or Ireland, and only in a few midland and 

 southern counties of England. It appears to occur most plentifully in the 

 counties of Huntingdonshire. Northamptonshire, and Nottinghamshire, and 

 mere rarely in Suffolk, Oxfordshire, Lincolnshire, Hampshire, and Dorset- 

 shire (one specimen.) 



The first account we have of it as being a British species is in the 

 "Transactions of the Linnean Society," Vol. V., Nov. 6th, 1798, "The Rev. 

 Mr. Abbot, F.L.S., informed the Society of his having taken the Papilio 

 paniscus in Clapham Park Wood, Bedfordshire." He observes " that this 



