THE ISLES AND THE COMMONWEALTH. 341 



suffered by the change ; the contrary, it must be 

 admitted, was the case. According to Clarendon, Monck 

 "was fear'd by the nobility and hated by the clergy, 

 so he was not unlov'd by the common people, who 

 received more justice and less oppression from him than 

 they had been accustom'd to under their own lords." 

 According to the same authority, the clergy had good 

 reason to regard the English with loathing. "Their 

 preachers," he says, " who had threaten'd their princes 

 with their rude thunder of excommunication " were " dis- 

 puted with, scoffed at, and controlled by artificers, and 

 corrected by the strokes and blows of a corporal." 



To compel the submission of the Highlanders who 

 still held out, three forces, commanded respectively by 

 Colonels Lilburn and Overton and General Dean, were 

 sent in the summer of 1652 to cross the mountains. Their 

 mission proved to be an utter failure, and they were 

 obliged to retrace their steps without doing any good; 

 the Highlanders, in short, outwitted and befooled them. 

 Clarendon describes in the following words, the methods 

 pursued by the mountaineers in harassing the unwelcome 

 English. "The Highlanders, by the advantage of their 

 situation and the hardness of that people, made frequent 

 incursions in the night into the English quarters, and 

 killed many of their soldiers, but stole more of their 

 horses, and where there was most appearance of peace 

 and subjection, if the soldiers stragled in the night or went 

 single in the day, they were usually knock'd on the head, 

 and no enquiry could discover the malefactors." The 

 failure of the English to cope with this state of matters 

 led to an agreement between them and Argyll and Huntly, 

 in terms of which, and in consideration of a sum of .50,000 

 to be divided between the two Marquises, Argyll under- 

 took to pacify the Western, and Huntly the Northern 

 Highlands. 



The duties of these noblemen as policemen of the 

 Highlands may have been efficiently performed, but 

 circumstances proved too strong for them. The outbreak 



