CONTENTS, 



CHAPTER I. 



ORIGIN OF DOMESTIC CATTLE. 



Disagreement as to origin of domestic cattle The ox in prehistoric 

 times The Bos urus The Bos longifrons Domestic cattle de- 

 scended from one or the other, or from both Opinion of various 

 naturalists : Riitimeyer, Cuvier, Bell, Boyd Dawkins, Darwin, 

 Storer, Owen, Dr John Alexander Smith Are the urus and the 

 longifrons really distinct species? Practical value of the dis- 

 cussion Probability of domestic cattle coming from "one com- 

 mon source " Low on variations in cattle, . . . 



CHAPTER II. 



ORIGIN OF POLLED RACES OF CATTLE. 



Speculation as to origin of hornless cattle Their antiquity Their 

 distinctiveness Letter from Darwin on loss of horns Letter 

 from Dr John Alexander Smith Professor Low's opinion 

 Absence of horns Deviation from original form Loss of horns 

 before and after domestication Preserved and fixed by selection 

 in breeding Acquaintance with principles of breeding in early 

 times Advice of Palladius, Columella, and Virgil Distribution 

 of polled cattle Polled cattle in Austria, South America, Nor- 

 way, and Iceland In Cheshire, Lancashire, Nottinghamshire, 

 Norfolk, Yorkshire, Devonshire, in England In Ayrshire, 

 Lanarkshire, and Isle of Skye, in Scotland In Ireland Exist- 

 ing polled breeds in United Kingdom The Galloway breed 

 Norfolk and Suffolk polls, . . . . .11 



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