1914 FBI! ITS OF ONTARIO. .13 



OTTAWA DISTRICT. 



(Including the Ottawa Valley and the eastern portion of the Province not elsewhere 

 enumerated, south of latitude 46 deg.). 



W. T. Macoun, Horticulturist, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. 



Apples: Transparent, Lowland Raspberry, Duchess, St. Lawrence, Wealthy, Alex- 

 ander, Mclntosh, Fameuse, Wolf, Milwaukee, Baxter, Scott. 

 Crab Apples: Whitney, Martha, Hyslop. 



ALGOMA DISTRICT. 



(Including the islands of Manitoulin and St. Joseph, and a limited portion of the 

 northern and eastern shore of the Georgian Bay.) 



Chas. Young, Richard's Landing. 



Apples: Transparent, Charlamoff, Astrachan, Duchess, Peach, St. Lawrence, Alex- 

 ander, North Star, Colvert, Gideon, Mclntosh, Winter St. Lawrence, Wolf, Baxter, Long- 

 field, Louise, Wealthy, Patten. 



Crab Apples: Whitney, Hyslop, Isham. 



SITE OF THE ORCHARD. 



The large inland lakes surrounding the southern portion of this Province have a 

 wonderfully ameliorating effect upon the climate for some distance from their shores, 

 and as a rule our most extensive commercial orchards are in proximity to these large 

 bodies of water. There are, however, in the interior many localities quite as favorable 

 for fruit growing, but in such locations the question of site and exposure has to be more 

 carefully considered. The site usually selected for the orchard is one near the build- 

 ings, which may be all right if these are on the highest ground, for such grounds are 

 not only best drained but are least liable to untimely frosts. Good atmospheric drainage 

 is often quite as important as good water drainage, and cold air, like cold water, runs 

 down hill. Only a few feet of elevation above a wide adjoining area may be sufficient 

 to enable trees in full bloom to escape a frost which destroys the crop on the lower 

 level. On level lands there is practically no atmospheric drainage and the orchardist 

 must take his chances and make the best of it. 



EXPOSURE. 



Where the land is rolling, and there is a choice of exposure, the situation should 

 be carefully considered, for in many cases this may be the difference between success 

 and failure. As to which is the best exposure, depends largely upon the surroundings. 

 In proximity to large bodies of water the best exposure is toward the water. In locali- 

 ties subject to late spring frost the safest exposure is towards the north, as this helps 

 to retard the period of bloom till danger of frost is past. On a northern exposure trees 

 are less likely to suffer in times of severe drouth, and there is also not so much injury 

 from sun scald, a most serious trouble in northern localities. For the reasons given 

 a northern or eastern aspect is, as a rule, preferable to a southern or western one, and 

 also because there is less exposure to our strongest prevailing winds, which come from 

 the south-west. 



WINDBREAKS. 



Protection from the prevailing winds is another matter that requires due considera- 

 tion. The shelter accorded by a high hill or natural belt of timber is perhaps the ideal 

 one, but when these do not exist, the planting of a windbreak is often necessary. The 

 best trees for windbreaks are some of the evergreens, such as Norway and White Spruce, 

 the Austrian and Native White Pines. The Norway Spruce is most used because it is a 



