226 SUCCESSFUL FARMING 



Treatment. Use sprays of nicotine or tobacco extract, kerosene 

 emulsion (5 to 10 per cent strength) or fish-oil soap just after the aphids 

 appear and at such other times as may be necessary. Spray thoroughly, 

 being sure to wet all plant lice. If spray does not adhere to the bodies of 

 insects, add 2 or 3 pounds of laundry soap to 50 gallons of spray solution, 

 or preferably an equal amount of resin fish-oil soap as a sticker. For under- 

 ground forms practice rotation of crops or use soil fumigants. 



White Grubs (Lachnosterna spp.). White grubs or grub worms are 

 the larvae of the common brown beetles known as May beetles or June 

 bugs, commonly seen around lights and on the screens in the spring and 

 summer. Their natural breeding place is grass lands, but they are found 

 in fields and gardens feeding upon the roots of many plants. 



Treatment. No successful treatment is known. Practice crop rotation 

 when necessary. Fall plowing will be of some benefit. Do not plant 

 crops liable to be injured, as strawberries, on recently broken sod land. 



Wire Worms (Elateridce) . Slender, brown, hard, shining larvae, }^ 

 inch to 1J/2 inches long, body divided into several segments which show 

 plainly three pairs of small legs near front end of body. Their natural 

 breeding place is grass lands, but they feed on or in the roots of many 

 garden and field crops. Two years or more are required for development. 



Treatment. No satisfactory treatment has been found. Rotation of 

 crops, preventing ground from remaining long in grass, and late fall plow- 

 ing followed by repeated harrowing for a month or two are the best means 

 of preventing their increase. Seeds might be protected by the use of some 

 substance as a repellent which would not injure germination. 



The Army Worm (Leucania unipuncta, Ha worth) . In general appear- 

 ance it resembles cutworms. About lj^ inches long, dark in color, with 

 three yellowish stripes down the back. The adult insect is a dull brown 

 moth, often seen about lights in the spring. The worm feeds naturally on 

 wild grasses, but when it is abundant marches across fields, destroying 

 many crops, including corn, wheat, oats and related crops, as well as many 

 truck crops. 



Treatment. The march of the worms to umnfested fields may be 

 checked by a deep dust furrow through which a log is dragged occasionally 

 to crush the worms and to maintain a thick coat of dust on the sides. 

 Scattering poison bran mash througn infested fields vail often proVe very 

 effective. Late fall plowing and cultivating will help in destroying over- 

 wintering worms. 



The Fall Army Worm (Laphygma frugiperda, S. and A.). In general 

 appearance is similar to the common army worm, but distinguished there- 

 from by dark stripes along each side, separated by a stripe of grayish yellow. 

 So called from the fact that the most destructive brood appears after 

 August 1st. It has wide range of food plants, including many forage 

 and truck crops. The worms are especially injurious to lawns. 



Treatment. Practice fall plowing to break up the pupae cells in the 



