EVOLUTION OF THE BEEF CATTLE INDUSTRY 247 



SCORE CARD FOR BEEF CATTLE. 



GENERAL APPEARANCE 40 Points. Perfect score. 



Weight: score according to age 6 



Form: straight topline and underline; deep, broad, low set, 



stylish 10 



Quality: firm handling, hair fine; pliable skin; dense bone; 



evenly fleshed 10 



Condition: deep, even covering of firm flesh, especially in 



regions of valuable cuts 10 



Temperament: lymphatic, inclined to fatten 4 



HEAD AND NECK 7 Points. 



Muzzle: broad; mouth large; jaw wide; nostrils large 



Eyes: large, clear, placid . . . .' 



Face: short, quiet expression ..."..'... 1 



Forehead: broad, full 1 



Ears: medium size, fine texture ......... 1 



Horns: fine texture, oval, medium size ........ 1 



Neck: thick, short; throat clean . ...... ... 1 



FOREQUARTERS 8 Points. 



Shoulder rein: full , 2 



Shoulder: covered with flesh, compact on top, smooth . . 2 



Brisket: advanced, breast wide 1 



Dewlap: skin not too loose and drooping 1 



Legs: straight, short; arm full; shank fine, smooth . . . 2 



BODY 32 Points. 



Chest: full, deep, wide; girth large; crops full ...... 4 



Ribs: long, arched, thickly fleshed . . . . . ... 8 



Back: broad, straight, smooth, even ....... 10 



Loin: thick, broad . . . ... . . . . . . 8 



Flank: full, even with underline ........ 2 



HINDQUARTERS 13 Points. 



Hips: smoothly covered; distance apart in proportion with 



other parts 



Rump: long, wide, even, tail head smooth, not patchy . 



Pin-bones: not prominent, far apart 1 



Thighs: full, deep, wide ........... 2 



Twist: deep, plump 2 



Purse: full, indicating fleshiness 2 



Legs: straight, short, shank fine, smooth 2 



Total 100 



Breed Characteristics. The several breeds of beef and 

 dual purpose cattle are all characterized by rather significant 

 marks of size, color, form, and adaptation. The most 

 significant points are described in the following: 



Shorthorn. The Shorthorn breed of cattle originated in 

 the counties of York, Durham, and Northumberland, Eng- 

 land. The breed is one of the most interesting historically 

 of any of the beef breeds. The breed is characterized by 



