EVOLUTION OF THE BEEF CATTLE INDUSTRY 249 



same as that of the Shorthorn except the poll, which is gently 

 rounded at the crown. The single standard Shorthorn was 

 the first type of hornless Shorthorn in America. The breed 

 is the result of crossing pure-bred Shorthorn bulls on native 

 cows of hornless character. Animals bred in this way are 

 eligible for registration only in the Polled Durham Herd- 

 book. Cattle of this breeding, while having Shorthorn char- 

 acteristics, do not possess strong Shorthorn qualifications. 



Double Standard Polled Durhams are descendants from 

 the cow, Oakwood Gwynner the Fourth, which was a regis- 



FIG. 104. Polled Durham bull. 



tered Shorthorn cow. This cow was practically polled and 

 when bred to Seventh Duke of Hillhurst, produced twin 

 female calves with polled heads. Animals descended from 

 this origin are known as double standard, as they are eligible 

 to registration, both in the Polled Durham Herdbook and 

 the American Shorthorn Herdbook. Animals of the Polled 

 Durham breed should have the color and other character- 

 istics of the Shorthorn breed. While not bred to as high 

 state of perfection as the breed from which they descended, 

 some excellent individuals have been produced, showing the 

 true polled character. 



