254 JUDGING BEEF AND DUAL PURPOSE CATTLE 



and bone development. The constitution and vigor of the 

 Hereford is a significant characteristic of the breed with- 

 standing the changes of climate on the range to a remarkable 

 degree. 



STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE AND SCALE OF POINTS FOR HEREFORD 



CATTLE. 



Points. 



COLOR. Medium, deep, rich red, with white head, breast, belly, 

 crest, switch, and ankles 5 



HEAD. Forehead broad and prominent, face short, slightly 

 tapering toward nose; muzzle full; nostrils wide and open; 

 eyes large and expressive; ears of medium size, well set and well 

 covered with hair; horns of medium size; even color, coming 

 from head at right angles, set on level with crop, back and tail 

 head, curving forward and downward 8 



THROAT. Clean, without any excessive development of loose flesh 

 or fat underneath 2 



NECK. Short, neat, spreading out to meet shoulders, with full 

 neck vein, free from loose skin. (Males: neck muscular, with 

 full crest, according to age) 2 



SHOULDERS. Straight, round, full, smooth and well covered; top 

 of shoulder-blades slightly below vertebrae, good width on top . 6 



CHEST. Wide, deep, round and full just back of shoulders . . 6 



BRISKET. Deep and wide, moderately projecting, free from flabbi- 

 ness 2 



RIBS. Well sprung from backbone, close together, long and 

 arched, carrying the full width of shoulders and deeply and 

 smoothly covered 8 



BACK AND LOIN. Broad, straight and heavily covered from 

 crops to hooks, hooks moderately wide and well covered . . 10 



RUMP. Long, wide, smooth and well covered, carrying width in 

 proportion to width of back and hooks, joining smoothly into 

 quarters 5 



QUARTERS. Long, straight, muscular, full, deep and thick . . 4 



THIGH AND TWIST. Full and thick, carried well down to hocks . 3 



TAIL. Tail head level with line of back, tail dropping at right 

 angles to back line 1 



UNDERLINE. Straight, flanks deep and full 3 



LEGS. Short, straight and squarely placed, perpendicular both 

 from side and end view, forearm muscular, bones strong and 

 clean 6 



FLESH. Deep, firm, smooth, uniform covering of all parts and 

 free from patchiness 8 



SKIN Of moderate thickness, mellow, pliable and loose, abun- 

 dantly covered with long, thick, silky hair 6 



GENERAL APPEARANCE. Vigorous, compact and symmetrical. 

 Bulls masculine and possesing an abundance of quality and 

 predominant breeding characteristics. Females matronly, 

 roomy, smooth, showing quality and feminine appearance 

 throughout 10 



WEIGHT. Age and condition to be considered 5 



Total 100 



