EVOLUTION OF THE BEEF CATTLE INDUSTRY 267 



Points. 



Brought forward 8 



NECK. Upper line short, fine at head, widening and deep at 



withers and strongly set to the shoulders 4 



SHOULDERS. Fine, flat and sloping, with strong arms and firm 



joints 4 



CHEST. Deep, broad, and somewhat circular in character . . 8 

 RIBS. Well sprung from the backbone, nicely arched, deep, with 



flanks fully developed 8 



BACK. Straight and level from the withers to the setting on of 

 the tail, loin broad and full, hips and rump of medium width, 



and on a level with the back 16 



HINDQUARTERS. Deep, thick, and square . . . . . . . 8 



UDDER. Not fleshy, coming well forward in line with the belly 



and well up behind; teats moderately large, and squarely placed 20 

 TAIL. Well set on at a right angle with the back, tapering with 



a switch of white or roan hair and reaching the hocks ... 2 

 LEGS. Straight, squarely placed when viewed from behind, not 



to cross or sweep in walking; hoof well formed 4 



SKIN. Moderately thick and mellow, covered with an abundant 

 coat of rich hair of a red color; no white spot admissible, except 



the udder 8 



SIZE. Minimum weight at 3 years of age, 1000 pounds ... 2 

 GENERAL APPEARANCE. As indicated by stylish and quick move- 

 ment, form, constitution and vigor, and the underline as nearly 

 as possible parallel with the line of the back 8 



Total 100 



Class Characteristics. From the standpoint of the judge, 

 cattle may be divided into fat, feeder, stocker, young stock, 

 or calves, and breeding animals which should possess the 

 following characteristics : 



Fat Cattle. Fat cattle, which includes steers usually, 

 are judged largely on their conformation, quality, and 

 condition. This class of animals is further divided into 

 grades, ranging from inferior to choice. A consideration 

 of these grades, however, is not important at this time. 

 While it is desirable for the fat animal to possess the same 

 form as the highly developed breeding animal, their con- 

 dition is of fundamental importance, especially from the 

 market standpoint. Show ring fat cattle should possess 

 faultless conformation and quality as well as condition. 

 The inferior grades of fat cattle will, of necessity, possess 

 serious faults. However, proper fitting will give them 

 acceptable condition and value. 



