286 JUDGING DAIRY CATTLE 



efficiency to the extent of the difference in the capacity of 

 the animal form and the mammary system. 



The udder of the dairy cow is the important part of the 

 machinery, as it is within theudder that the milk is elaborated. 

 The size of it is indicative of capacity for milk production, 

 the same as the size of the barrel is indicative of the capacity 

 for food consumption. A typical dairy cow should have the 

 udder attached high behind. It should extend forward 

 sufficiently to allow the teats to be placed at least six inches 

 apart. The floor of the udder should be long, broad and 



FIG. 122. (a) a pendulous udder with small, wart-like teats, lacks 

 capacity and is easily injured; (6) a small funnel-shaped udder lacking in 

 capacity. Cows with such udders usually have a short lactation period. 



level, as such development furnishes the largest space for 

 the absorption of food nutrients for milk elaboration from 

 the blood. A small, fleshy udder attached low or just 

 between the legs, with a short distention and extending in 

 a funnel shape from the underline indicates small milking 

 capacity. 



The mammary veins are important, as their size and 

 development indicates the amount of blood which passes 

 through the udder, this regulating the supply of nutrients 

 for the manufacture of milk. The mammary veins should 

 be long, large, tortuous, and have numerous branches which 

 enter the body through the mammary orifices. These should 



