296 JUDGING DAIRY CATTLE 



Cow. 



Dairy Temperament and Constitution. 



Points. 



HEAD: 



Medium size, lean; face dished; broad between eyes; horns 

 medium size, incurving 3 



Eyes full and placid; ears medium size, fine, carried alert; 

 muzzle broad, with wide, open nostrils and muscular lips; 



jaw strong 4 



NECK: 



Thin, rather long, with clean throat, neatly joined to head 



and shoulders 4 



BODY: 



Shoulders light, good distance through from point to point, 

 but thin at withers; chest deep and full between and just 

 back of forelegs 5 



Ribs amply sprung and wide apart, giving wedge shape, with 

 deep, large abdomen, firmly held up, with strong muscular 

 development 10 



Back straight and strong, with prominent spinal processes; 

 loins broad and strong 5 



Rump long to tail-setting, and level from hip-bones to rump- 

 bones 6 



Hip-bones high and wide apart 3 



Thighs flat and wide apart, giving ample room for udder . 3 



Legs proportionate to size and of fine quality, well apart, 

 with good feet, and not to weave or cross in walking . . 2 



Hide loose and mellow 2 



Tail thin, long, with good switch, not coarse at setting-on . 1 



Mammary Development. 

 UDDER: 



Large size, flexible and not fleshy 6 



Broad, level or spherical, not deeply cut between teats . . 4 

 Fore udder full and well rounded, running well forward of 



front teats 10 



Hind udder well rounded, and well out and up behind . . 6 

 TEATS: 



Of good and uniform length and size, regularly and squarely 



placed 8 



MILK VEINS: 



Large, long, tortuous and elastic, entering large and numerous 



orifices 4 



SIZE: 



Mature cows, 800 to 1000 pounds 4 



GENERAL APPEARANCE: 



A symmetrical balancing of all the parts, and a proportion of 

 parts to each other, depending on size of animal, with the 

 general appearance of a high-class animal, with capacity 

 for food and productiveness at pail 10 



Total 100 



