304 JUDGING DAIRY CATTLE 



quality of the milk is not as rich as in other recognized dairy 

 breeds. It ranks considerably below the Jersey and the 

 Guernsey in this respect. In judging Holsteins, while they 

 should be compared with the dairy standard it will fre- 

 quently be found that they are not as distinctly developed 

 in this direction as either the Guernsey or Jersey breed. The 

 chief faults are lack in dairy temperament, drooping rumps, 

 and unsymmetrical, pendulous udders. 



STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE AND SCALE OF POINTS FOR HOLSTEIN- 



FRIESIAN CATTLE. 



BULL. 



Counts. 



HEAD. Showing full vigor; elegant in contour 2 



FOREHEAD. Broad between the eyes; dishing 2 



FACE. Of medium length; clean and trim, especially under the 



eyes; the bridge of the nose straight 2 



MUZZLE. Broad with strong lips 1 



EARS. Of medium size; of fine texture; the hair plentiful and 



soft; the secretions oily and abundant 1 



EYES. Large; full; mild; bright 2 



HORNS. Short; of medium size at base; gradually diminishing 

 toward tips; oval; inclining forward; moderately curved 



inward; of fine texture; in appearance waxy 1 



NECK. Long; finely crested (if the animal is mature); fine and 

 clean at juncture with the head; nearly free from dewlap; 



strongly and smoothly joined to shoulders 5 



SHOULDERS. Of medium height; of medium thickness, and 

 smoothly rounded at tops; broad and full at sides; smooth over 



front 4 



CHEST. Deep and low; well filled and smooth in the brisket; 

 broad between the forearms; full in the, f oreflanks (or through 



at the heart) : 7 



CROPS. Comparatively full; nearly level with the shoulders . . 4 

 CHINE. Strong; straight, broadly developed, with open vertebrae . 6 

 BARREL. Long; well rounded; with large abdomen; strongly and 



trimly held up 7 



LOINS AND HIPS. Broad; level or nearly level between hook- 

 bones; level and strong laterally; spreading out from the chine 

 broadly and nearly level; the hook-bones fairly prominent . . 7 

 RUMP. Long; broad; high; nearly level laterally; comparatively 

 full above the thurl; carried out straight to dropping of tail . 7 



THURL. High; broad 4 



QUARTERS. Deep; broad; straight behind; wide and full at sides 



open in the twist 5 



FLANKS. Deep; full 2 



LEGS. Comparatively short; clean and nearly straight; wide 

 apart; firmly and squarely set under the body; arms wide, 

 strong and tapering; feet of medium size, round, solid and deep 5 



Carried forward 74 



