320 JUDGING DAIRY CATTLE 



Unity and femininity in the male and female respectively. 

 They should also exhibit strong constitutional development, 

 good quality, and capacity. In the dairy animal, however, 

 special emphasis should be placed on dairy form and capacity, 

 this being indicated in the long, deep, spacious barrel. Cor- 

 related with this, dairy temperament should be manifested 

 in large, bright, keen, expressive eyes; clean, facial outlines; 

 and a lean, spare, or open conformation. The development 

 of the rudimentaries should be emphasized in males. 



In addition to these qualifications, the breeding female 

 should possess striking evidences of strong maternal functions 

 or reproductive capacity. This, like the general dairy form 

 and capacity, is exhibited in the prominent hook points, 

 lengthy hindquarters, broadly placed pin-bones or thurls, a 

 deep body, and striking mammary development. Coupled 

 with the individual examination of the breeding animal, 

 the ancestral records should be closely examined as well as 

 the offspring if the animal has attained a sufficient age to 

 have animals in the active stage of production. The dairy 

 animal which has reached this stage is unusually strongly 

 reinforced with evidences of reproductive capacity. Not 

 only may the individual be studied from the standpoint of 

 present attainment, but the breeding and productive records 

 of the ancestors and in certain instances that of the progeny. 

 Summing up the discussion, the requisites in the breeding 

 animal include evidences of deep dairy development cor- 

 related with constitution, quality, nervous temperament, 

 and productive capacity. 



