62 INTENSIVE FARMING 



during the growing season result not only in 

 more high grade fruit but fruit which will keep 

 longer. Spraying for insects and diseases, when 

 properly done, produces a larger percentage of 

 perfect fruits. Perfect fruits keep better than 

 imperfect ones because rot and moulds cannot 

 gain entrance. Imperfections, bruises, and in- 

 juries of all sorts shorten the keeping period of 

 the fruit no matter how perfect the system of 

 storage. To state the matter tersely, by the 

 proper choice of varieties combined with 

 modern methods of culture, including spraying, 

 and by proper handling and storage, the apple 

 becomes a year-round crop. 



Our present knowledge of varieties, soil, 

 cultural requirements, spraying, harvesting, 

 packing, and storage of the apple has reduced 

 its production to an exact science, and so far as 

 the factors over which man has direct control 

 are concerned the industry is on a certain basis. 

 The production of all agricultural crops, in the 

 open, involves several uncertain factors over 

 which man has no control, such as frosts, winds, 

 sunshine, and storms, These risks are greater 

 in certain localities than in others. The greater 

 the risk the greater the possibility of loss. The 

 wise planter will choose his location so as to 

 avoid every possible uncertainty and obtain 



