THE GRAPTOLITES AND CORALS 3*3 



SUB-ORDER: Fungida. Dissepiments replaced by cal- 

 careous rods (synapticuke] crossing the interseptal loculi. 

 Genera: Anabacia (Jur.), simple, discoidal ; Cyclolites 

 (Jur.-Eoc.), similar, but septa are thin and perforate, thus 

 approaching the next sub-order ; Thamnastvcea (Jur.), 

 compound, massive,' septa continuous from one corallite 

 to its neighbours. 



SUB-ORDER: Perforata. All parts of the skeleton 

 traversed by pores, which may reduce it to a spongy 

 network. Genera : Stephanophyllia (Cret.-Rec.), simple, 

 discoidal ; Dendwphyllia (Eoc.-Rec.), compound, tree-like 

 (dendroid) ; Goniopova [Litharcea] (Eoc.-Mio.), compound, 

 massive. 



SUB-CLASS : Alcyonaria. Skeletons of very variable 

 character. Many extinct forms are doubtfully placed 

 here. Septa usually feeble or absent, and never showing 

 either a tetracorallan or hexacorallan plan ; tabulae 

 well developed. All compound. Genera : Favosites 

 (Sil.-Carb., Fig. 94, k), massive, corallites polygonal, 

 septa vestigial, tabulae horizontal and regularly spaced, 



FIG. 94. FOSSIL CORALS. 



Palaocyclus porpita (Linn6), Wenlock Limestone. Plan of calyx, 

 detail omitted from three quadrants, a', Side view. (Xv) b> Lons- 

 daleiafloriformis (Fleming), Visean (Carboniferous Limestone). Cross- 

 section of single corallite. (X2.) ', Side of young corallum. (Xj.) 

 c, Cyathophyllum hexagonum Goldfuss, Middle Devonian. Cross- 

 section of single corallite. ( X .) Dissepiments omitted from greater 

 part. d. Calceola sandalina Lamarck, Middle Devonian. (Xj.) 

 d' , Operculum. (After Goldfuss. ) e, Thecosmilia annularis (Fleming), 

 Argovian (Coral Rag). (Xj.) /, Isastrcea oblonga (Fleming), Port- 

 landian Section of silicified corallum. (Xs-) Thecae and septa 

 white, g, Holocystis elegans (Fitton), Aptian (Atherfield Clay). 

 Surface of part of corallum. (X6.) Septa and columella, black; 

 theca, dotted, h, Heliolites porosa (Goldfuss), Middle Devonian. 

 Transverse section. (Xl-) i, Haly sites catenularia (Linne"), Silurian. 

 Diagrammatic view of portion of a corallum. (Xf.) j, Syringopora 

 ramulosa Goldfuss, Lower Carboniferous. (Natural size.) k, Favo- 

 sites gothlandica Lamarck, Wenlock Limestone. Diagrammatic view 

 of four corallites. (X4-) The exterior of three is seen, with mural 

 pores, the fourth is split vertically in half, showing tabulae, d, After 

 Goldfuss ; i and k, original ; the rest after Edwards and Haime. 



