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ferent to their practical value or worth in dollars and cents. 

 The benefits which the world has received from the discoveries 

 of science are inestimable, but very seldom has it happened 

 that the discoverers has been directly rewarded. A class of 

 middlemen exists, a kind of rear-guard of science, ever on the 

 alert to seize upon those ideas which can be turned to practical 

 account and made to pay, and this class, often very enterprising 

 and useful to society, secures the profit and often much of the 

 credit of discovery as well. I do not desire to hold up to your 

 view the great names upon the roll of fame of those who have 

 labored in poverty, often neglected or dispised, to lay the foun- 

 dations of our knowledge, for there would be little in the recital 

 to encourage or to incite us to like exertions, but I do desire to 

 impress the fact that unless the work we do is inspired by other 

 and higher motives than a mere desire for gain, we shall 

 never develope our best powers or exercise the noblest faculties 

 of our minds. If the question with us ever is, "Will it pay ?" 

 and if we reject all toil as drudgery which does not promise 

 quick reward, we shall assuredly do much that is trivial, per- 

 haps something that is base, and shall probably leave undone 

 work that might have led to higher things and had a real value. 

 And the last characteristic of real scientific work of which I 

 shall speak is that it is conceived in enthusiasm and executed in 

 hopefulness. Unless the laborer in this vineyard is possessed 

 by a real zeal, his measure of success will be small. His should 

 be, not the too sanguine visionary expectancy prompting to a 

 belief in the miraculous and imbued with credulity, but an 

 hopeful enthusiasm which will not be dismayed by the ob- 

 stacles it must necessarily encounter, and ever prompts to per- 

 sistent effort and unremitting toil. Real science is, while pa- 

 tient, hopeful, not over-sanguine but confident. And are not 

 these the qualities which workers in any field must possess, if suc- 

 cess is to be looked for ? If work is to be to us more than a mere 

 means for supplying our daily necessities ; if it is to develope 

 the workman's powers and raise him above the mere routinist's 

 level, the daily toil, however humble it may be, must be under- 

 taken with confidence and pursued with a real ardor. The man 

 who sets not before him some high standard, who looks not for- 

 ward to some ideal condition to which he strives to attain, who 

 does not long to rise, but is content merely to exist, has caught 

 no glimpse of the possibilities of life. Men talk of talents and 



