TABLE OF CONTENTS. H 



ART. SECT. 



I. NATURE AND SCIENCE. 



PACK 



I. ,, Sensations and Things S 



. Causes and Effects 3 



3. ,, The reason Why. Explanation 6 



4. Propert.es and Powers . . 7 



5. Artificial and Natural Objects. Nature .... 8 



6. Artificial Things are only Natural Things shaped and 



brought together or separated by Men . 8 



7. ,, Many Objects and Chain* of Cau.es and Effects in Nature 



are out of our reach . ... 10 



8. The Order of Na ure : nothing happens by Accident, and 



there is no such thing as Chance . . r , . .10 



9. ,, Laws of Nature ; Law* are not Causes 12 



10. i, Knowledge cf Nature is the Guide of Practical Conduct . 14 



11. Science: the Knowledge of the 1-aws of Nature obtained by 



Observation, Experiment, and Reasoning . . .16 



II. MATERIAL OBJECTS.-(A.) MINERAL BODIES. 



12. ,, The Natural Object Water 19 



13. A Tumbler of Water . ao 



14. ,. Water occupies Space ; it offers Resistance i it has Weight ; 



and is able to transfer Motion which it has acquired ; it is 



therefore a form of Matter 20 



15. Water is a liquid 21 



16. Water is almost incompressible 22 



17. ,, The Meaning of Weight 24 



18. Gravity and Grav.tation 25 



19. The cause of We ght : Attraction: Force . . . .27 



20. ,, The Weight of Water is Proportioned to its Bulk. . . 28 



21. 'I he Measuring of Weights. The Balance .... 29 



22. The Weight of the same Bulk or Volume of Water is Con- 



stant under the same conditions. Mass. Density . . ;o 



23. ,, Equal Volumes of Different Things under the same circum- 



stances, have Different Weights : the Density of Different 

 Bodies is Different . 32 



24. ,, The Meaning of Heavy and Light Specific Gravity . . 33 



25. ,, Things of greater Specific Gravity than Water sink in 



Water ; Things of less Specific Gravity float . . 34 



*6. ,, A Body which Floats in Water always occupies as nuich 



Space beneath the level of the Surface of the Water as is 

 equal to the Volume cf Water which weighs as much as that 

 Body ; in other words, it d splaces its own Weight of Water 36 



27. ,, Water Presses in all Directions 37 



28. The Transference of Motion by Moving Water : the Momen- 



tum of Moving Water 40 



29. ., The Energy of Moving Water 43 



30. ,, The Properties of Water are Constant 47 



31. ,, Increase of Heatat first causes Water to Increase in Volume 48 



32. ,, Increase of Heat at length causes Water to become Steam . 50 



33. ,, The taking away of Heat from Steam causes the Steam to 



change into Hct Water 51 



34. When Water is changed into Steam, its Volume becomes 



about 1.700 times greater than it was at first . . 51 



35. Gases or Elastic Kh:i Is. Air 52 



36. Steam is an Elastic FiuiJ or Gas 54 



37. ,, Gases and Vapours 55 



38. '1 he Evaporat ion of Water at ord nary Temperatures . . 56 

 39- ii When Hot Water is cooled, it Contracts to beg n with, but 



after a time Kxp.inHs 57 



