46 STATE BOAUD OF HORTICULTURE. 



length. Having made a vertical incision in it with the grafting 

 knife, the bud is carefully detached with the knife from the 

 underlying alburnum, and stuck into the stock, which has been 

 deprived of an equal tube of bark. In making the insertion 

 care must be taken that the bud of the ring be close below a bud 

 of the stock, in order that the latter may draw the sap toward 

 the cion, thus insuring its development. Should the cion be of 

 greater diameter than the stock, it must be reduced in size 

 accordingly; if, on the contrary, a portion of the stock remains 

 uncovered after the application of the graft, a piece of bark 

 may be added to fill the empty space. Lastly, the ligature 

 is made. 



Ring Budding with Cortical Ribbons. In ring budding 

 with cortical ribbons, the cion is prepared as in the preceding 

 case, but the bark of the stock is cut into ribbons, folded down- 

 ward. The ring being applied, the cortical ribbons are drawn 

 up over it and the whole kept in place by a proper ligature. 



Shield Budding. Shield budding can be practiced from 

 March to September. If made in summer the shield is 

 taken from a medium-sized branch of the year's growth; if 

 made in spring, from a branch of the preceding year. The 

 buds must be well formed and unexpanded, and the branch in 

 sap so that the bark may be removed with the finger. The 

 maturation of the object-bearing branch is recognized by the 

 dark color of the epidermis, by the formation of the terminal 

 bud, by the elasticity of the tissues under the pressure of the 

 fingers. A branch advanced in maturation is preferable to one 

 still herbaceous; the early or too forward branches and those 

 too floriferous are bad object-bearers. 



The eyes situated in the middle of the branch are to be pre- 

 ferred for grafts; ,those near the basis and on the top are often 

 defective, because they are either tender or herbaceous, or too 

 disposed to bear fruits. 



In regard to the stocks they must be in sap to receive the 

 cion, consequently the bark must be easily removable. The 

 stocks must be carefully trimmed of all growth some time 

 before, in order that the course of the humors may not be 

 abruptly arrested at the moment of grafting and the success 

 hazarded. 



To extract the shield from the branch two transversal 



