CALIFORNIA OLIVE CULTURE PESTS. 81 



About two hundred gallons of the stock mixture can be 

 made for $6.25. The distillate costs 5 cents a gallon, and the 

 soap about 5 cents a pound. Two hundred gallons of stock 

 mixture, at 11 to 1, give 2,200 gallons of spraying solution. 



This solution is made the same as the kerosene emulsion, 

 only this distillate contains all the natural oils and strength 

 of the crude oil, nothing being taken therefrom except the 

 asphaltum. Therefore, it is a great deal stronger, and stays 

 longer on the trees without evaporating. Orchardists should 

 use extreme care in the preparation of this solution and apply 

 it on the trees at the proper time and under competent super- 

 vision. 



Rosin Wash for Newly Hatched Black Scale. 



Rosin * -- 18 pounds. 



Caustic soda (78%) 5 pounds. 



Fish oil 2^ pints. 



Water, to make 100 gallons. 



Place the rosin, caustic soda, and fish oil in a boiler, pour 

 over them about twenty gallons of water, and cook thoroughly 

 over a brisk fire for at least three hours; then add hot water, 

 a little occasionally, and stir well, until you have not less than 

 fifty gallons of hot solution. Place this in the spray tank and 

 add cold water to make the necessary amount. The great 

 secret in the successful preparation of this wash is never to add 

 cold water when cooking, otherwise the rosin will be precipi- 

 tated. It is difficult to again get it in solution. After the 

 materials are thoroughly cooked and diluted with the proper 

 amount of hot water, the solution should be poured into the 

 tank through a very fine brass wire sieve or piece of thin open 

 cloth. This will remove any debris that would become lodged 

 in the nozzle, causing annoyance and delay when spraying. 

 This solution will be found very effective, if applied in 

 September or not later than the end of October. It is one of 

 the cheapest and most effective washes, costing less than one 

 cent per gallon. 



Twig Borer (Polycaon confertus, Le Conte). This borer at 

 times does great injury to olive trees, especially to those of 

 recent planting. It bores into the stem, above a twig, down- 

 ward, and deep into the pith, also gnawing considerable of the 

 wood. The branches generally break of their own weight, de- 

 6oc 



