190 FOREST PLANTING. 



Many alterations of the rules, given for tree-planting 

 on plains, are also, on mountain sites, rendered necessary 

 in the establishment of young plantations. When hardy 

 trees are planted for the purpose of protecting tender 

 ones, the plant-rows have to be run east-westward, in order 

 that the latter ones are protected against the strongest 

 sun rays. But on slopes of mountains there are greater 

 trials in store for young, susceptible trees than sun rays, 

 namely, the danger of being rooted up by heavy rains 

 through the water running downward. To prevent this 

 the plant-rows must always have a transverse direction 

 around the mountain slopes and no attention is given to 

 geographical situation. 



CHAPTER III. 



RE-STOCKING DENUDED WOODLANDS IN THE MOUNTAINS. 

 — PREPARATORY AND PROTECTIVE MEASURES. 



Although, in the restoration of the mountain forests, 

 the selection of the proper kind of trees to be planted is 

 just as difficult as the determination upon the kind of 

 culture, viz., whether we shall plant or sow, far more 

 difficult are the measures we have to take, both in regard 

 to the preparations for beginning the work of cultiva- 

 tion and the protection of the finished work. In locali- 

 ties over which Nature has poured unbounded favors, it 

 is easy to solve this problem and, therefore, we omit 

 such cases, confining ourselves to those which offer 

 uncommon difficulties, and showing how to overcome 

 them. 



Nature works with small means to produce great and, 

 to mankind, sometimes very disastrous effects. This is 

 done by the concentration of those little means, and by 



