PnocEEDiyas of the Farjiees" Clue. 597 



inirseries. If the fornier mode be pursued, tlie wliole of the forest 

 and underwood should be cut down, with the exception of such tim- 

 ber as miglit be desirable to retain for building or other purposes. 

 If the latter, small trees should be left as a temporary shade, espe- 

 cially on the western side, so as to protect the young transplants 

 from the tierce heat of the afternoon sun. 



Indigenous seed ought always to be sown in nurseries, as it pro- 

 duces a very tender plant, and is most delicate, and should never be 

 removed until the second season, when it should be planted out under 

 liglit shade, and which ought not to be cut down till tlie following 

 year. 



Third — Trees to he Retained for Protection in Exposed Locali- 

 ties. — It has been suggested to retain for shade during the first two 

 years all trees that may be made useful on the estate; but if the land 

 to be cleared be grass, and not tree forest, any quick growing trees 

 may be advantageously planted, at distances varying (according to 

 extent of their foliage) from fifteen to twenty feet apart, at the dis- 

 cretion of the planter ; but in the third year all shade should be 

 removed, as it is most essential to the healtli and vigor of the plant 

 that it should have both light and air. 



Fourth — Trees for Boxes.- — ^The best woods for boxes are those 

 which are light, and contain no resinous properties, or such trees as 

 may be quickly raised. 



Fifth — Trees for Fuel, Charcoal. — The pine tree, spruce tree, and 

 many other indigenous to California, are iit for fuel, and for charcoal. 

 Xone are better than the oak, wliich abounds, and native red wood. 



The Laying Out of a Plantation. 



In laying out a plantation, the first thing to be done (after plow- 

 ing or hoeing) is to line and stake off roads, twelve to fifteen feet 

 in breadth for the main, six for the crossroads. 



The crossroads should divide the garden or plantation into mea- 

 sured patches, and these patches should be numbered, so that con- 

 tractors ma}' have no difficulty in undertaking the required area. A 

 register book should be kept of these patches in the following way, 

 for future reference, viz. : 



