Proceedixos of the Farmers' Club. 685 



nip twenty-live inches long, and wliicli the editor justly recorded as a 

 positive argument in favor of deep ciiltui'e. Mr. Davis uses the double 

 Michigan plow, and follows with the subsoil, loosening and disturb- 

 ing^the soil to the depth of twenty inches. 



The Geology of !N"ew Jeesey in its Rela-hons to Agriculture. 

 This was the subject of a lecture by Prof. George H. Cook, of Rut- 

 gers College, the State Geologist and Manager of the Example Farm 

 of New Jersey. He spoke at much length, and learnedly, making 

 his discourse the more intelligible and interesting by means of maps 

 and diagrams, and without which our report nnist sutler. He began 

 by saying that the geology of New Jersey is interesting both for its 

 scientific and its economic features. Nearly all the great foundations 

 of historical geology are represented in this State, and within two 

 hours' ride of New York city. These formations have their out-crop 

 in belts, which cross the State from north-east to south-west ; in fact, 

 these formations, as shown in New Jersey, are only a portion of tlie 

 same formations which cover nearly the whole Allegany slope of the 

 United States. The geological structure of New Jersey will be bet- 

 ter understood by examining a profile view of the several formations 

 as they occur along a sectional line drawn across from the Atlantic 

 shore near Barnegat, to the Delaware above Dingman's Ferry. Of 

 all this series of rocks the older has always fnrnished the material 

 from which the newer has been built up. Here would be a suitable 

 place to discuss the questions as to how the strata of rock became 

 so folded ; how they have been elevated above the water in which 

 they were deposited ; if they were . once the soft mud made by 

 the wearing away of other rocks, what has caused them to become 

 stone again? Were the forms of animals in these rocks once living 

 creatures, and, if so, what v>-as the condition of the earth's surface ? 

 And how many years lias it taken for all these changes to come 

 about? Our object to-day, however, is different from these, and, 

 however interesting, they must be passed by. The rich mineral 

 deposits of some of these formations, too, might well occupy our 

 time. It would be interesting to speak of the iron ore, the copper, 

 the zinc and the gold, but they must be passed. K ^\Q reler to the 

 section and the order in which the rocks were deposited, it becomes 

 apparent that the surtace had been greatly changed since the original 

 deposit. The softer rocks have been worn away, the soluable ones 

 have been dissolved, and the hard and compound ones liave been dis- 



