No. 149.] 117 



We have stated the cost of driving from Illinois to Massachu- 

 setts, at $9, and to Philadelphia and New- York at |7. But this 

 must be considered as being under the most favorable circum- 

 stances of grass, good roads and pleasant weather. The average 

 cost of driving may be fairly estimated at $16 per head ; in addi- 

 tion to which there may be calculated an average loss or shrink- 

 age equal to twelve pounds per head. 



It is now conceded that the transportation of cattle by water 

 or on railroads, is both cheapest and best, provided suitable ar- 

 rangements on the railroads are made for that purpose. The 

 result of the present arrangement is a cramping of the muscles of 

 the animals, and consequently a deterioration. An experienced 

 drover informed us that a drove of 110 under his care were kept 

 on the cars fifty-two hours ; the drove suffered a deterioration of 

 $1,000 in value. In this case, however there was a collision of 

 two trains, which to a large extent may account for the loss, as 

 two of the animals were killed by the violence of the shock. 



In the summer of 1850, there were two droves started from Il- 

 linois. One travelled the whole distance on foot, excepting 300 

 miles on railroad. They were 78 days on the road, and kept on dry 

 feed. The cost of their transportation averaged fifteen and a half 

 dollars per head, and they diminished in weight from 70 to 75 

 pounds each. The other drove, consisting of 100 head, came via 

 Chicago by water to Buffalo, thence by railroad to Albany, and 

 down the Hudson to New- York on barges. Tlie time consumed 

 in transportation was eight days, and they came in without dete- 

 rioration at a cost of thirteen dollars per head. 



A. CHANDLER. 



WINE FROM THE CATAWBA GRAPE. 



Mr. L. Rehfuss, of Cincinnati, presented two samples of wine 

 of the vintage of 1848, manufactured by himself. The Catawba, 

 it is believed, in that year came to its most perfect maturity. 



The grapes from which specimen No. 1. was made, had laid 

 tvro m':>uths on stra^x'. with a vi?w ot enrich i:!g tlieir saccliarine 



% 



