No. 199. 359 



By the use of the hot air blast, and the conversion of anthracite 

 into a flaming coal, by the application of the steam jet into the fur- 

 nace ; by the placing of dampers at the top of the furnace, and draw- 

 ing off the cone of flame and heated gases through horizontal pas- 

 sages to the refining and reverberatory chambers, thus economizing 

 fuel, and finally by conducting the heated gases arising from the pud- 

 dling furnace round the steam boilers which work the rollers, the 

 greatest economy of fuel, and the greatest amount of metal} have 

 been obtained. 



By the selection of a pure ore of iron Mr. Salters has obtained, in 

 his foundry at Newark, fine bar iron, a sample of which is on the ta- 

 ble, without passing the ore into various chambers ; but has his fur- 

 nace so arranged, that entering at the top, in a pure and calcined con- 

 dition, the ore when it arrives at the bottom, having lost its oxygen, 

 and combined with the minute quantity of carbon, is fit at once for 

 passing on to the mill. The ore which is used in that foundry is the 

 magnetic oxide. 



This ore is mixed with quartz, hornblende and fine siliceous grains, 

 to separate the oxide from these, the Electro-Magnetic Ore Separator 

 now exhibited, is well adapted. This apparatus is a cylinder round 

 which are inserted rows of soft iron projections, which when the in- 

 strument is in use, represent so many magnets, and attract the mag- 

 netic iron oxide upon surfaces, thus withdrawing the oxide from the 

 mineral impurities. The cylinder revolves, and the powdered ore is 

 carried on a frame to its under surface. A horse-shoe magnet sur- 

 rounded by a coil lies in its centre, and is in connection internally with 

 the soft iron projections, and externally with a galvanic battery, by 

 which the electric current is conveyed to the interior of the cylinder ; 

 by the alternate breaking and renewal of the current, the projections 

 become magnets, or lose their power ; they seize the oxide, carry it on 

 their surface part of a revolution, and when the contact is broken, the 

 oxide falls ofl" into a receiving vessel. The ore is thus rendered as 

 pure as can be for the smelting furnace. 



The gas with which the machine room is lighted, is facturated by 

 Mr. Baxter, in a small room outside. He has adopted the plan of 



