No. 199.] 395 



of five hundred pounds. Subsequently, Parliament prohibited 

 the exportation, to this country, of tools to make iron. These and 

 similar acts of oppression, that might be named, aroused the spirit of 

 liberty, which eventually burst forth in the Revolution, was complained 

 of in the Declaration of Independence, partially provided for in the 

 Confederation, and finally secured against in the Constitution ; and 

 these wonderful exhibitions before us are the fruits of that Constitution. 



Great Britian made an earnest attempt to have in the treaty of 1783, 

 by which she acknowledged our final separation and independence, a 

 clause inserted, binding us not to engage in manufactures. In 1791, 

 she attempted, through her Board of Trade, to have the United States 

 bound by treaty not to raise the tariff on her manufactured goods. 



At the close of the second war, in the year 1815, Lord Brougham 

 declared in the House of Commons, " that it was well worth while to 

 incur a loss upon the first exportation, in order by the glut to stifle in 

 the cradle these rising manufactures in the United States, which the 

 war had forced into existence. From and after the war up to 1828, 

 sufficient protection was given to manufacturing to enable us to prosper 

 very greatly. On account of this result, George Canning, when he 

 became Prime Minister, declared " that he would make the people of 

 America reduce their tariff' or dissolve their Union." A correspondence 

 was commenced, with leading men in this country, and which laid the 

 foundation of nullification in South Carolina. Nullification led to the 

 compromise, and the compromise to the almost total overthrow of our 

 manufactures. After which w^e find the Edinburgh Review thus dis- 

 coursing about us : — 



" In the four quarters of the globe, who reads an American book ? 

 or goes tc an American play ? or looks at an American picture or 

 statue 1 What does the world yet owe to American physicians and 

 surgeons 1 What new substances have their chemists discovered, or 

 what old ones have they analyzed 1 What new constellations have 

 been discovered by the telescopes of Americans? What have they 

 done in mathematics 1 Who drinks out of American glasses ? or eats 

 from American plates 1 Or wears American coats or gowns'? or sleeps 

 in American blankets ? Who 7" 



