No. 199 J 511 



whip, inarching, &c. For cleft grafting, use a saw to cut off the part 

 of the stock to be grafted, then cut the section smooth with a very 

 sharp knife ; take a chisel ground on both sides so that its edge is in the 

 middle of the blade, use a mallet to drive it the suitable distance for 

 a proper split. Do this on one side of the centre or pith, never through 

 that. Have a graft cut smooth to a wedge ; with a smaller chisel open 

 the cleft and insert the wedge, bringing as much of the bark of the 

 graft as you can in close contact with the bark of the stock. Graft 

 upon a stock not larger than my wrist, and on smaller. When your 

 grafts are properly set in, take the compost of bees wax, tallow and 

 rosin, which are united in such proportion that they may be made 

 plaster, by the warmth of the hand, hut not so as to melt and run in 

 hot weather ; apply sufficient of this, all about the stock and foot of 

 the graft, to cover up perfectly the cut parts. The Dr. proceeded to 

 describe the whip grafting, by approach and inarching. He then pro- 

 ceeded to state the mode of budding practised by him ; he described 

 the condition of the sap of fruit trees, in the months of August and 

 September ; that at this season of the year, it has acquired its richest 

 condition, is more viscid, and is about to undergo the change to woody 

 fibre, to form another ring of wood. At this time I bud my stocks, 

 prefering to insert the bud, in the north or east side of the stock ; I 

 make a transverse cut with a very sharp knife through the bark, then 

 from the middle of that cut, I make one down the stock, long enough 

 to admit the bud ; these cuts then resemble letter T. I use a very 

 keen knife to cut a bud off its branch, cutting a little wood with it. 

 I take the little piece of wood out of the bud very carefully, because 

 it is counted with what I call the chit, in which alone vitality exists, 

 for if the chit be wounded at all, the bud becomes utterly worthless. 

 Having the bud all prepared, I lift up very cautiously the bark on the 

 sides of the T, and do not disturb the sap. This operation is done with 

 the handle of the knife, which is made of bone or ivory, and shaped 

 proper to raise the bark. Bud after rain, for then the bark is more 

 easily raised to that purpose ; I then insert the bud. I then cut off' 

 the upper end of the bark of the back of the bud, exactly on the line 

 of the top of the T. This allows the remainder to fall into contact with 

 the sap, and so form an even surface of the barks of both the stock 

 and the bud ; I then use bass to confine it passing the ligature obliquely 

 above and below the bud, never on it, a few times around, and then 



