516 [ASSEMBL-X 



The best now made have the wing 4 inches high at the rear, and 

 often 6 inches. 



Here you liave a vertical cross-cut section of the surface furrow,*, 

 and the sub-soil plough cut; the dotted line represents the probable line 

 of disturbance of soil by the wing of the sub-soil plough, and a mo- 

 ment's reflection will convince you, that if the wing be as high as even 

 4 inches at the rear, that the amount of soil lifted this 4 inches, du- 

 ring every foot of the onward motion of the plough, will be 60 lbs., 

 and thus in passing the length of a single furrow of 100 feet, 50,000 

 lbs. of earth must be raised 4 inches high, and of course at the ex- 

 pense of the team. The object gained by sub-soiling can be as well 

 attained by raising the wing two inches instead of four, and peimitting 

 the wing to pass in a straight line to the point ; thus by having a 

 sharper wedge, a clayey or hard pan sub-soil could be readily disin- 

 tegrated, while the lifting of two inehes instead of 4 would costless 

 than one third the power, the inclined plane. over which the disturbed 

 soil passes being easier in addition to lifting the soil a much less dis- 

 tance. I speak feelingly on this subject, having been compelled to 

 use four large pairs of Devonshire cattle to run my sub-soil plow. 



You will receive by Day's Express, a bundle of Pear Scions of 

 the finest kind and in prime order; the trees from which they were ta- 

 ken, cane from France four years since and fruited last year ; you 

 will recognise among them the choicest known kinds, and if the Far- 

 mers' Club will distribute them I shall feel obliged. 



Since I last saw you, I have been busily engaged in the good cause 

 inNew Jersey; for the last six months have delivered four or five lec- 

 tures each week on agriculture, and our farmers throughout the State 

 are waking up. More than 1000 sub-soil plows are now used by those 

 who never saw them until last year, and in many districts the crops 

 have been doubled inconsequence. 



I have a list of more than fifty farmers who have raised from 90 to 

 124 bushels of shelled corn per acre, during the last year, by adop 

 • The cut intended here wag not received in season for in!<ertion. 



