SYLVICULTURE. 



This zone covers the major part of Oregon and Washington and 

 the mountains of Northern California. It is characterized by very 

 es-en annual temperature and high precipitations. Here the winter 

 bald broad-leaved species should rule supreme. The winter bald 

 Oaks are represented in Oregon by Quercus garryana (White Oak), 

 in California by Quercus Kellogii (Black Oak), Fraxinus Oregona, 

 Acer macrophyllum, Populus trichocarpa (Black Cottonwood, the 

 biggest Cottonwood of the Avorld) occupy the bottom land along the 

 rivers; further Sorbus, Amelanchier, Crataegus, Prunus, Salix, Aes- 

 culus, Alnus, Acer, Platanus, Negundo, Betula. All of these latter 

 species unimportant commercially. 



In strict contrast with the Atlantic forest of the same zone, 

 the conifers rule in importance, foremost among them the Douglas 

 I'^ir (Pseudotsuga taxifolia) which stands temperature of 15 degrees 

 Faht. easily. Best development on west slope of Coast- Range. In 

 the Rockies, it forms only summer shoots and short boles, owing to 

 shorter growing season and lack of atmospheric moisture. In Colo- 

 rado, Arizona, New Jlexico occurs a gray variety. In the Sierras it 

 appears only as a dependent species. 



Pinus ponderosa (Yellow Pine, Bull Pine). Height and timber 

 quality depend on proximity to Pacific Ocean. Optimum in Siena 

 Nevada, where trees 300 feet high are frequently found. Very 

 heavy sap-wood. Name ponderosa undeserved. No tree of the 

 United States occupies a larger territory or shows greater adaptabil- 

 ity- 



Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (Port Orford Cedar) occupies only a 

 ^■ery small territory close to the Pacific Coast. Does not ascend 

 njountains to over 1,500 feet. Heavy shade bej^rer, splendid repro- 

 duction. 



Thuja plicata (Red Cedar of the West) up to 170 feet higli. 

 Kare in California. Best development in Oregon and Washington and 

 Northern Idaho, where it occupies only the moister coves. Boles 

 very tapering; shade bearing; thin bark. 



Libocedrus decurrens (White Cedar, Bastard Cedar) on west 

 slope of the Sierras at medium elevations, where the tree is mixed 

 with Abies concolor. Yellow and Sugar Pine. Regeneration easy, 

 often in ])laces previously occupied by the Pines. 



Pinus lambertiana (Sugar Pine), a Wliite Pine since it has five 

 needles in a sheath. Specific gravity even less than that of Eastern 

 White Pine (Pinus strobusl. The biggest Pine of the world. Veiy 

 large cones. Optimum in Sierras at 5,000 feet elevation ; occurs often 

 with Sequoia, Libocedrus, Abies concolor. Yellow Pine, Pinus Jef- 



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