SYLVICULTURE. 



as an admixture, moss and mould being raked away. The seeds 

 losing vitality quickly when winter-stored (unless stored in the 

 cones) are usually planted in the fall, in spite of impending ravages 

 of mice and birds. The covering is from one-fifth to one-third of 

 an inch. Since the cones begin to dissolve in November, they must 

 be gathered in early winter. Abies concolor, $3.00 per pound; Abies 

 fraserl, $3.50 per pound; Abies amabilis, $4.50 per pound; Abies 

 balsamea, $1.00 per pound; Abies grandis, $3.00 per pound; Abies 

 magnifica, $5.00 per pound; Abies nobilis, $2.00 per pound; Abies 

 pectinata, 5c per pound. 



B. Spruce. 



Seeds ripen in the year of the flower and are emitted from the 

 cones, becoming pendulous, between Xovember and April. Thf 

 seeds are easily wintered either within or without the cones; after 

 some authors, preferably in the cones. Seed years occur at intervals 

 of about five years. The germinating percentage is high. The 

 seeds are usually planted late in spring after bird migration, either 

 broadcast on ground roughly raked, or more often on interrupted 

 beds from one to two feet wide, prepared with hoe and slightly raised 

 over the general ground level. It is said that a man can plant one 

 acre of ground in eight hours, using the rake. Previous to planting 

 it is wise to moisten the seeds in cold w^ater for from three to five 

 days, especially if the seeds are planted in late spring. The cover 

 should be one-fifth inch. Germination takes place after four weeks 

 with from six to eight cotyledons, serrate on the upper side. Young 

 plants are sensitive to drought and readily raised by the frost. 

 Spruce suffers from suppression by weeds and leaves. Its height 

 growth is more rapid than that of Fir. Prices of seeds: Picea 

 canadensis, $1.10; excelsa, 13c; engelmanni, $5.50; rubens, $4.25; 

 pungens, $5.00; sitkaensis, $5.50 per pound. 



C. Yellow Pines. 



On dry sandy soil, it is wise to plant in early spring, so as to 

 find a moister seed bed. The young seedlings do not suffer from 

 late frosts and are not apt to be lifted by winter frost. The removal 

 of stumps stops the attacks of stump breeding bark beetles and 

 snout beetles (weavils). Intensive loosening of the soil invites the 

 attacks of junebugs, wire worms, etc., and is not needed on sandy 

 soil. Broadcast planting is advisable on soil slightly covered with 

 grass; the cover should just be scratched with the harrow. The 

 seed, unless planted with the rake, is embedded in the soil by 

 driving sheep, cattle and hogs over it. Before planting it might 

 be wise to fire the ground, notably so in the case of Jack Pine, 



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