SYLVICULTURE. 



rooms in which tlie coning takes place must be well ventilated. 

 Seed years occur in the South every thi'ee years — in the North say 

 every seven j^ears. Mulching before planting is absolutely neces- 

 sary. Germination after three to four weeks: seven to ten cotyle- 

 d(ms, primordial leaves singly. Seedlings suffer still more from fungi 

 (honey fungus) than Yellow Pines. Owing to the high price of seeds 

 of White Pine, the seed is usually planted in nurseries only. An ex- 

 periment at Biltmore, namely planting of seed without preceding 

 preparation of soil in patches with the rake, under light cover, has 

 proved a failure. White Pine does well on abandoned fields after 

 fires — except on East and Southeast slopes where flat-rooted plants 

 are apt to be lifted by frost. Germinating percentage only from 

 forty to fifty per cent. Seeds cost about $1.50 per pound. 



E. Hemlock. 



Seeds mature toward the end of September, are very small and 

 easily removable. Seedlings are very shade bearing and minute. 

 Hemlock cannot be grown in the open. Price of seed being high and 

 natvu-al regeneration being easy, plantations will not .be made on a 

 large scale. Price of seeds: canadensis, $3..50; heterophylla, $8.00; 

 mertensiana, $5.50 per pound. 



F. Larch. 



The cones are very tough and not easily opened by heat. It is 

 hard to separate the wing from the seed. The germinating percent- 

 age is low. The seed is planted in spring on open ground, usually 

 in patches, mixed with Pines, Spruces or Hardwoods. The planting 

 of seed of Northern Tamarack in Northern swamps is out of the 

 question. The height growth in early youth is rapid. Larch puts 

 heavy demand on light. Cotyledons, five to seven in number, appear 

 four weeks after planting. The seeds are mulched in cold water for 

 at least a week before planting. The primordial leaves stand singly ; 

 ))raehyblasts are formed only from the third summer on. Young 

 shoots never show braehyblasts, but needles only. Price of seed»: 

 European Larch 50c per pound; Japanese Larch (leptolepis) $2.50 

 per pound. 



G. Douglas Fir. 



It had better be called Pseudoabies than Pseudotsuga. Cones 

 are ripe in October; bracts are twice as long as scales; seeds fall 

 immediately. Germinating percentage is 20 to 30 per cent.; seed 

 received from dealers is apt to lie over. Thorough mulching or hot- 

 house treatment (after Weise) increases the percentage and the ra- 

 pidity of sprouting. Germination takes place after five to seven 



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