SYLVICULTURE. 



Biltmore the top shoot is often killed by frost; it should cer- 

 tainly be cut off after jilanting. Catalpa requires wlieat soil in 

 order to form proper bole, and does not answer in a cold climate. 

 Spring planting in holes or furrows. 



Walnuts: The planting of seedlings is only permissible where 

 mice, squirrels and hogs are sure to get the nuts. Very long taps 

 make planting difficult. Best soil needed. Small seedlings are 

 choked out by weeds. Plants one to three years old to be used. 

 Avoid pure plantations! Cover in the nurseries three inches — dis- 

 tance apart four to ten inches. 



Hickory: To be treated like Walnut; during the first years, 

 the stems remain very minute while a large tap-root forms. Voles 

 follow along the rows of plants and cut off the roots at a point 

 about one inch below ground. Loose, porous soil is needed. 



Cherry: Planted in rills one-half inch deep and eight inches 

 apart. Transplants two or three years old, transplanted when one 

 year old are best for use in the open. Protection from rabbits 

 peeling the stumps is required. Rapid growth in nurseries. Twig 

 tips are usually killed by the first frost since the twigs gi'ow 

 during the whole summer and fall. Pruning required. Black Cherry 

 does well on abandoned fields mixed with White Pine, Pine, Ash, 

 Maple. 



Sassafras: Planting of seed in nurseries at Biltmore has been 

 an entire failure. The seeds lived through the first summer but 

 did not begin to sprout. Deep cover required, since cotyledons 

 are kept underground. The removal of the flesh enwrapping the 

 seed (by malting, etc.), seems required before planting. 



Paragraph XXXVI. Raising and planting softwood seedlings on 

 open ground. 



Yellow Pines: Seeds are covered two-fifths to three-fifths inches 

 deep. Nursery soil to be pressed thoroughly before and after seed 

 planting. Planting of yearlings (from 5,000 to 40,000 per acre) 

 forms the' rule. The roots of such yearlings are ten inches long. 

 On sandy soil, cleft planting is universal (with planting dagger). 

 On binding soil, ball plants one or two years old are best. 



Recently some forestecs began to use transplants tw^o years 

 old which more readily overcome the infantile diseases. No mound 

 nor bunch planting. On very sandy soil Yellow Pines are planted 

 deeper (up to first needles) than they stood in the nursery. A 

 plantation ten years old should densly cover the ground. 



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