SYLVICULTURE 



III. Danger from heavy fires where the soil and the humus is 

 baked by the action of the sun, with heaps of debris left on the 

 ground after wholesale logging. 



IV. Second growth consists largely of wolves, and of spreading 

 advance growth and of poles undesirably ramified. Expensive gird- 

 ling or cutting of seed-bearing weed trees, belonging to a worthless 

 species. 



V. The running expenses for protection from fire and for taxes 

 are, to a degree, independent from the quality of the young growtli. 

 They are relatively high, and hence absurdly unbearable, if that 

 growth is poor, straggling and very slow to develop, all of which 

 is apt to be the case in this type of seed regeneration. 



Thirty years after clearing, the average age of the young 

 growth is not apt to exceed ten years. 



VI. Groups of advance growth are almost sure to be destroyed 

 or to be crippled by logging and by svulden change of environments. 



Paragraph XLIV. The cleared strip type. 



A. The width of the cleared strip is frcm two to five times 

 the length of the mother tree. When one belt is seeded suc- 

 cessfully, another strip is cut into the timber alongside the first 

 belt, and so on. 



Soil work is not required, provided the strip is cleared in a 

 seed year. Usually the soil is torn up sufficiently by the removal 

 of a large number of logs snaked or rolled or shot along the 

 strip and over the strip to the nearest road. 



One seed year is rarely enough to secure full regeneration of a 

 strip. In the Alps, Pine regeneration takes from twelve to thirty 

 years. On hardwood soil, the weeds are to be dreaded, preeminently 

 so on fertile ground after fires. 



It is wise to leave a few wind-firm mother trees scattered 

 over the strip, notably immature specimens of the most desirable 

 species. Less desirable species on the nearby border might be 

 girdled or removed by extending the removal of that species into' 

 the bordering forest. In addition, valuable hypermatiu-e trees might 

 be withdrawn from the nearby forest. 



The cleared strip type does not require a permanent system of 

 transportation of great intricacy, the strips themselves forming 

 the main lines of transportation. The narrow edge of the strip 

 merely is touched, on the valley side, by a road. According to 

 'the grade of the strip, sleighs, cables, chutes, donkey engines, etc., 

 might be used to deliver the logs to the road. 



102 



