SYLVICULTURE 



Since the cuttings are comparatively light, the removal of the 

 logs prepares the ground insvifficiently for the conception of seed. 



Seedlings and saplings in advance growth stand under very 

 heavy shade for many a year, usually in small bunches of a few 

 dozen specimens. Misshapen seedlings and saplings, also those 

 badly damaged during logging operations, should be cut, or cop- 

 piced in the case of hardwoods. 



B. Actual application: 



Wherever the selection type is applied in Europe, it is pre- 

 eminently applied in tire shape of advance growth selection type; 

 especially so in parks, in small farm wood lots and in protective 

 forests. 



Usually, every compartment (cove, slope) contains a wild mix- 

 ture of age classes of trees. The axe returns to a compaitment 

 in intervals of from one to ten years. 



The Beech, although an intense shade bearer, develops very 

 branchy stems imder such conditions (Beech forests in Buckingham- 

 shire, England). 



In primeval nature, all or practically all scattering and sparse 

 species are subjected to seed regeneration of the advance growth 

 selection type. The accidental death of trees in the superstructure 

 allows a patch of advau'ce growth found underneath to develop. 



Instances: White Oak and Scarlet Oak at Biltmore; also Spruce 

 on hardwood slopes in the Adirondacks. 



It is surprising to find that scattering species are regenerated 

 by primeval nature in a type which is considered by the sylvicul- 

 turist only applicable to intense shade bearers. The explanation lies 

 in nature's long-lasting patience and in her failure to be dis- 

 heartened when failing in innumerable attempts. 



C. Advantages: 



I. The type protects the soil, and hence the waters, best of all. 



II. It protects the young growth fi=om frost, drought, high 

 ' Inds, insects, sleet and snow. 



III. It is particularly pleasing, from the aesthetic standpoint 

 by the unusually large variety of the pictures proffered. 



IV. Since every acre of ground continuously retains its leaf 

 canopy, no sunshine, air and rain go to waste in yoimg growth 

 insufficiently covering areas laid bare. At the same time, continu- 

 ous retention of moisture in the soil allows of greater fertility; 

 hence the quantity of wood fibre annually produced is greater in 

 tne selection system than in any other. 



V. Small danger from winuiall amongst parent trees. 



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