SYLVICULTURE 



An undue preponderance of standards may be checked by the use 

 of the axe. 



Planting of seedlings can usually be dispensed with. \Yhere it 

 is advisable to plant seedlings, the coppice must be cut clean to 

 begin with. 



B. Cultured forms of coppice under standards: 



I. Characteristic for the cultured forms of coppice under stand- 

 ards is the lack of weed trees and of unhealthy standards; further 

 the geometric regularity of the figures considered as compartments 

 and sub-compartments. 



The overwood is composed only of storm-firm and light-demanding 

 species. 



II. Subdivisions of cultured forms of coppice under standards. 

 As in the culled forest, there should be distinguished: 



a. The form of cultured coppice under standards raised in the 

 group type with 



1. Prevailing coppice, or with 



2. Prevailing standards. 



b. The form of cultured coppice under standards raised in the 

 selection type with 



1. Prevailing coppice, or with 



2. Prevailing standards. 



The standards might be planted in regular rows (Charles Heyer's 

 idea) or in regular groups or — irregularly — in suitable places; or 

 they might be recruited from self-sown seed under the selection type. 



III. Treatment of cultured forms of coppice under standards. 

 The regeneration of the overwood as well as its pedagogy is 



difficult, unless the group type is carried through. Individual seed- 

 lings are very apt to be suffocated in the mass of faster-growing cop- 

 pice and require continuous,- careful attention. Thinnings are re- 

 quired to prepare the youngest class of standards immerged in the 

 coppice for its future task. 



The overwood is sometimes pruned — in this case of dead as well 

 as of live branches. 



Paragraph LXXVI. Critical remarks on coppice-under-standards forest. 

 The coppice-under-standards foKcst combines the good qualities 

 of the high forest with those of the coppice forest. It furnishes tim- 

 ber of all sizes in the largest possible variety. It requires a moderate 

 investment sunk into the growing stock and allows the overwood to 

 grow into log size at a very fast rate. It is a good form for the 

 owners of small woodlands desiring steady returns. It protects the 

 fertility of the soil better than the coppice form. 

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