SYLVICULTURE 



This form prevails on the Biltmore Plateau and over vast areas 

 in Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, North Carolina, South Carolina, 

 etc. 



Silvicultural treatment is possible only where the Oak can be 

 removed to a nearby fuel-market. 



Rotations of thirty to' forty years for the coppice seem best. 



Shorter rotations aie required where the coppice is badly dam- 

 aged by fires. 



In seed years of Yellow Pine, the coppiced area should be as 

 large as compatible with the market. It might be wise to cut early 

 in fall and to burn the coppice before the Pine seeds begin to fall. 

 Seed years of Pine at Biltmore occur at intervals of seven years. 

 Improvement cuttings should make up the sustained yield, as far 

 as possible, in years of deficient seeding; or such compartments 

 should be taken in hand, in which the coppice growth is richly beset 

 with Pine poles and Pine saplings. 



In the course of the improvement cuttings, the nuclei of n. s. r. 

 of Pine require careful attention. Weeds like Chinquapin and Black 

 gvmi are checked wherever they obstruct the underwood; where they 

 form part of the underwood, especially under groups of Pine, they 

 should be thankfully accepted as shade-bearing improvers of the soil. 



White Pine is not adapted to the formation of standards. Dur- 

 ing the earlier stages, it retains its branches badly where isolated in 

 Oak coppice. During the later pole stage, it is apt to suff'er from 

 windfall. Groups of White Pine standards will answer better than 

 standards individually scattered. 



CHAPTER V. 



PROPAGATION OF FOREST PRODUCTS OTHER THAN WOOD AND 



TIMBER. 

 Paragraph LXXVIII. Raising of forest by-products. 



In many cases better revenue is obtained from the by-products 

 raised in the forest, than from the wood and timber. In backwood 

 sections, closed to traffic, forest pasture often yields the only means 

 of obtaining revenue. In densely wooded districts, the combination 

 of agriculture with tree growth is often advisable. The main prod- 

 ucts thus obtained and the industries connected with their produc- 

 tion are: 



A. Tanbark and raising of tanbark: 



The thickness of the bark used for tanning purposes and obtained 

 either under a high forest or under a coppice forest system is in- 

 169 



