SYLVICULTURE 



E. Maple sugar: 



The production of sugar depends on the size and on the develop- 

 ment of the individual trees, influenced by careful thinning. An un- 

 derwood and a hea\y layer of humus is helpful. Planted sugar 

 orchards are rare and suffer from sun scald and from hardening soil. 



F. Naval stores: 



No means, are known tending to increase the production of naval 

 stores. The best yield is obtained from healthy, large trees. 



G. Rubber and guttapercha. 

 H. Truffles and champignons. 



I. Ginseng (Aralia quinquefolia ) : 



Ginseng grows in the Alleghanies in well-sheltered north and 

 northwest coves of greatest fertility. The young roots are easily 

 transplanted into nursery beds. The cultivation of ginseng in the 

 woods, however, is not practicable. 



J. Sumach leaves: 



The leaves, used for tanning on a large scale, are gathered on 

 abandoned fields in Virginia. No care seems to be devoted to the 

 reproduction. 



K. Pharmaceutical weeds: 



• A large number of forest weeds have a pharmaceutical value and 

 might be locally propagated and fostered. 



L. Peat bogs : 



Peat bogs reproduce themselves where the top layers only are 

 taken off periodically. Small benches are left between the pits 

 utilized. 



M. Fish and game : 



In the Prussian State forests, twelve per cent of the annual 

 revenue is obtained from hunting aTid fishing leases. Private owners 

 in the Adirondacks and in the South draw a large revenvie from leas- 

 ing the exclusive privilege- of hunting and fishing. For particulars 

 regarding the raising and nursing of Fish and Game_see lectures on 

 " Fish and Game Keeping." 



Paragraph LXXIX. Combination of sylviculture and agriculture. 



As the woodlot belongs to the farm, so does the farm embraced 

 by woodland belong to the forest. 



Strange as it sounds : The forester abroad is sometimes charged 

 with the administration of more farmland than of woodland. 



A fair practical knowledge of agriculture is indispensable for tne 

 administrator of forests. Truly agricultural land within the forest 

 should be cleared in due course, in pursuance of the maxim that every 

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